impact of toxic leadership on employee performance

endobj Also, nurses silence as a mediating factor accounted for 73% of the variance of organizational performance. J Bus Psychol 27(3):291304, elebi N, Gner H, Yildiz V (2015) Toksik Liderlik leginin Gelistirilmesi/Developing toxic leadership scale. 2021;20(1):461325. USA: IGI Global. 10 0 obj Keywords: 1. Proceedings of the Colloquium on Administrative Science and Technology: CoAST 2013. Furthermore, employee silence has a negative impact on organizational outcomes such as ineffective decision-making, a lack of innovation, learning, and change adoption [27]. Retrieved from: https://www.npr.org/2014/01/06/259422776/army-takes-on-its-own-toxic-leaders, Healthcare Leadership Academy, Lagos, Nigeria, You can also search for this author in Stop Making Excuses for Toxic Bosses - Harvard Business Review Doru . Handbook of research on contemporary approaches in management and organizational strategy. Correspondence to 2020;7(1):2638. As a result, it can be concluded that toxic leadership not only impacts an individuals job but also increases the quiet of nurses. The .gov means its official. Nurses work motivation and the factors affecting It: a scoping review. The bad boss takes it all: How abusive supervision and leadermember exchange interact to influence employee silence. Furthermore, toxic leadership has an impact on both organizational and individual performance. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.0000580628.91369.50. 1 0 obj Organ People 14(1):1927, Webster V, Brough P, Daly K (2016) Fight, flight or freeze: common responses for follower coping with toxic leadership. This finding was consistent with the findings of a research done at Jordanian capital health settings, which found that staff experience a moderate to high level of perceived general organizational silence [40]. Organizational performance is defined as the indicator that assesses the organizations effectiveness in achieving its objectives. Int J Bus Hum Technol. Xu AJ, Loi R, Lam LW. A few variables known to cause toxicity in leaders have been identified in the literature, including corporate culture, instability, perceived threat, and successful institutions. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, Behery M, Al-Nasser AD, Jabeen F, Rawas E, Said A (2018) Toxic leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: a mediation effect of followers trust and commitment in the Middle East. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejss-2019.v2i2-64. https://doi.org/10.47104/ebnrojs3.v2i4.160. The survey of 883 participants found job satisfaction is related to team performance, and that whatever people saw as "worst" or "best" about their team was Procedia Soc Behav Sci. The total score, which ranges from 20 to 150 points, can be regarded as essentially harmless (3069 points), moderately harmful (70110 points), or severely toxic (111150 points). Military Review, 2, 210, Simons S, Sauer P (2013) An exploration of the workplace bullying experience: coping strategies used by nurses. Wipf and Stock Publishers, La Vergne, Goldman A (2009) Transforming toxic leaders. 2 0 obj Int J Manag 5(10):1824, Mifflin H (2000) The american heritage dictionary of the english language. Roth T, Whitehead D. Impact of nurse manager peer mentorship program on job satisfaction and intention to stay. Furthermore, the total performance level of the organization was high (69.6), with a mean score of (4.220.62). PennState Electronic Thesis and Dissertations for Graduate School. WebToxic leaders degrade readiness, lower organizational performance and efficiency, negatively affect retention, and can devastate subordinates mental health. Kl M, Gnsel A. J Manag Sci 11:83, Schmidt AA (2008) Development and validation of the toxic leadership scale. Enferm Clin. Leaders' behaviours cause the emergence of positive behaviours and psychological conditions in employees [15], whereas toxic leadership is a threat to positive employee behaviour and performance [16]. Over the last years, a proliferating number of studies has revealed that destructive leadership negatively relates to employee performance, but few of them refer to the public sector. Cookies policy. Toxic Leadership The findings confirmed that the participating nurses experienced toxic leadership. Nursing performance in both forms contributes to the effectiveness of health care organizations [20]. (In Press). Int J Organ Theory Behav 22(1):6578, Black JA (2015) The lived experiences of the army officers wife to an army commanders toxic leadership: a phenomenological study. Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout, Aasland MS, Skogstad A, Notelaers G, Nielsen MB, Einarsen S (2010) The prevalence of destructive leadership behaviour. Table 4 revealed a strong, negative significant relation between toxic leadership and nurses silence (r=0.415, p-value<0.001) and organizational performance (r=0.578, p-value<0.001). https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2018.16.3.385. 2021. Psychol Women Q 32(4):362376, Cheng G (2018) Mindfulness and the toxic triangle: reducing the negative impact of toxic leadership in organizations. How Personality Type Affects Team Performance And Job Armed Forces Soc 36(1):518, Ross DB, Matteson R, Exposito J (2014) Servant leadership to toxic leadership: power of influence over power of control. An exploratory study. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30025-8_71, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30025-8_71, eBook Packages: Business and ManagementReference Module Humanities and Social Sciences. <>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> 2007;18(3):17694. S.M.F.A: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Visualization, Supervision, Results preparation and writing, Reviewing the manuscript, Editing. The studys research questions were, Is there a link between toxic leadership and organizational performance among nurses? and What influence does nurses silence have on toxic leadership and organizational performance?. The site is secure. Exploring the relationship between organisational silence and organisational learning in nurses: a cross-sectional study. Another survey done in the same university hospital in Egypt [33] found that the average perceived overall organizational silence level is moderate. endobj The consequences of the study findings for organizations range from the process of screening and selection of leaders to creating stress management and self-resilience training to help employees deal with their emotions in healthy ways and strengthen their defenses. A methodology for studying organizational performance: a multistate survey of front-line providers. 2020;57(3):40126. 2016;24(5):68694. All things considered. Powers S, Judge LW, Makela C. An investigation of destructive leadership in a Division I intercollegiate athletic department: follower perceptions and reactions. Center for Army Leadership, Fort Leavenworth, Tamby A, Ahmad U, Norulkamar U (2018) Impact of leadership styles on psychological distress and job satisfaction among employees in Sabah. Read online. 2015;26(5):76374. Oxford University Press, Oxford, Lipman-Blumen J (2010) Toxic leadership: A conceptual framework In: Bournois F., Duval-Hamel J., Roussillon S., Scaringella JL. Employee silence is a result of toxic leadership [22], as employees prefer to remain silent, especially when confronted with self-centred and self-serving toxic leaders [23,24,25]. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2626. <> J Health Rep Technol. Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, Beum L (2015) Toxic leadership affects soldiers at all levels. 8 traits of toxic leadership to avoid. Standardized coefficients for path analysis of direct and indirect effect of toxic leadership on organizational performance mediated by nurses resilience. Hum Resour Manag 2011:127136, Tepper BJ (2000) Consequences of abusive supervision. https://doi.org/10.14370/jewnr.2020.26.1.71. As a result, understanding these variables is critical when designing interventions or developing organizational policies to manage or prevent toxic behaviours, as well as to facilitate speaking-up behaviours and effective communication skills among nurses and their leaders. THE CONSEQUENCES OF TOXIC LEADERSHIP ON Chou SY, Chang T. Employee silence and silence antecedents: a theoretical classification. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051819833374, Morris JA (2019) Understanding coping strategies and behaviors of employees affected by toxic leadership. Google Scholar. endstream Informed consent obtained from all the participants included in the study. Tepper BJ. Webleadership. Hashim R, Majeed AB, editors. 2019-08-14T01:27:36-07:00 Eur J Soc Sci. Acad Manag Rev 35(4):627647, Dobbs JM, Do JJ (2019) The impact of perceived toxic leadership on cynicism in officer candidates. Pepperdine University. 2022;30(3):70215. Hoffman EP, Sergio RP. 9 0 obj Impact To assess organizational performance, the researchers used the organizational performance questionnaire [34, 35]. 8600 Rockville Pike Furthermore, it had provided chances for teaching and clinical training for medical and nursing students, as well as a venue for a range of scientific projects. The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Affective Organizational Commitment and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Employee Engagement. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2019.1591512, Starratt A, Grandy G (2010) Young workers experiences of abusive leadership. A social process of leadership identity construction in organizations. In D. V. Day (Ed. According to their report, overall, the top feelings employees revealed they felt towards the office were happy (31%), motivated (30%) and excited (27%). 2018;27(78):144051. M.A.G.A: Conceptualization, Methodology, Visualization, Supervision, Results revision, Writing- Original draft preparation, Reviewing the manuscript, Editing. The study is expected to provide significant information to existing knowledge databases about the toxic leaders, Data was collected from 750 nurses over the course of three months. The toxic leadership and employee performance: mediating effects of employee commitment. Indeed, Tepper (2007) [41] and Xu et al., (2015) [42] explained that negative leadership behaviors cause stress and emotional exhaustion among employees, and as a result, employees try to conserve their knowledge resources and physical resources in order to cope with the adverse climate created by the leaders, and instead of directing their efforts toward the achievement of organizational goals and performance, they waste their strenuous efforts. Zwikael O, Meredith J. Retrieved from https://www.iris.xyz/research/the-dumbest-thing-you-can-do-with-your-money-in-2019, Yagil D, Ben-Zur H, Tamir I (2011) Do employees cope effectively with abusive supervision at work? Abou Ramadan A, Eid W. Toxic leadership: conflict management style and organizational commitment among intensive care nursing staff. Photos used throughout the site by David Jorre, Jean-Philippe Delberghe, JJ Ying, Luca Bravo, Brandi Redd, & Christian Perner from Unsplash. Such a study on toxic leadership is required since, to date, no research in Indonesia have sought to quantify the consequences of toxic leadership on organizational leaders. 2019). Furthermore, nurses silence as a In D. Watola, & D. Woycheshin (Eds), Negative Leadership: International Perspectives (pp. The Damaging Results of The Mandated Return to Office is 2019;1(29):46470. In D. Watola, & D. Woycheshin (Eds), Negative Leadership: International Perspectives(pp. The results show that toxic leadership has an effect on job satisfaction (p > 0.00), toxic leadership has an effect on work motivation (p > 0.00), toxic leadership has no effect on employee performance (p < 0.00), job satisfaction has an effect on work motivation (p > 0.00), job satisfaction has effect on employee performance (p > 0.00) work motivation has no effect on employee performance (p < 0.00). Using surveys and structural equation modeling, a quantitative strategy was adopted (SEM). 8 0 obj Leadersh Q. The SEM revealed that toxic Leadership accounted for the prediction of 65% of the variance of nurses silence and 87% of the variance of organizational performance. 84 0 obj It can affect employees workplace performance and output. Kim, J. D. (2016, July 6). Compet Rev 23(1):6884, Akca M (2017) The impact of toxic leadership on intention to leave of employees. J Pers 84(6):809823, Osborn RN, Uhl-Bien M, Milosevic I (2014) The context and leadership. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13539. It includes an organizations current output or outcomes [17]. <> Toxic leadership is a negative leadership style in which a leader engages in systematic and destructive behaviours that harms individuals and organizations directly or indirectly [8]. 46 0 obj Retrieved from www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/culture-shrink/201607/8-traits-toxic-leadership-avoid, Kurtulmu BE (2019) The dark side of leadership. A CONSEQUENCE OF TOXIC LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEES Disclaimer. October 03, 2016, Updated October 03, 2016 Theres that one person on your team the bad apple who has nothing positive to say, riles up other team members, and makes work life miserable. J Leadersh Org Stud. Unleash developer productivity with generative AI | McKinsey In addition, Fig. An analysis of relationships among transformational leadership, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational trust in two Turkish hospitals. J Occup Health Psychol 6(1):64, Dagless J (2018) Toxic leadership in the military. Toxic leadership can create a decrease in workplace performance, productivity, and output, as well as its remarkable negative reflections on employees. Book Laguda E. Toxic leadership: managing its poisonous effects on employees and organizational outcomes. 2021;29(2):16576. Wang CC, Hsieh HH, Wang YD. Organizational elements that encourage nurses to remain silent include an unfair culture, a lack of psychological safety, a quiet climate, a hierarchical structure, a negative leadership style and lack of confidence in supervisors, and a hostile nursing work environment [32]. According to their report, overall, the top feelings employees revealed they felt towards the office were happy (31%), motivated (30%) and excited (27%). Toxic Leadership was assessed using the Toxic leadership scale [4]. Top M, Tarcan M, Tekingndz S, Hikmet N. Int J Health Plann Manage. Jiatong W, Wang Z, Alam M, Murad M, Gul F, Gill SA. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. J Digit Converg. 2019;68(6):174557. <>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> 2011;47(3):2419. Hoffman and Sergio (2020) defined toxic leadership as disregarding employees' well-being and participating in actions and activities that demean, belittle, The negative attitude of senior managers toward employees comments and feedback further limits opportunities for communication and exchange between senior managers and employees, intensifying silent behaviours on their behalf [49]. The majority of the nurse respondents (n=522; 69.6%) had a bachelors degree in nursing. The majority of participants (78.3%) were females, with more than three-fifths of them being above the age of 30. endobj Impact of toxic leadership Because they were commonly linked to particular healthcare professionals, they could quickly follow-up on distribution and collection. The tools were then submitted to a panel of five experts (four Professors and one Lecturer from the Nursing Administration Department) who examined and assessed the content validity and offered feedback on the content, question types, and item clarity. The Humiliating behaviour subscale had the highest proportion of respondents (47.9%) who rated it as moderate-level. Lastly, this chapter proposes future directions for researchers and practitioners. Determinants of proactive work behavior of employees during the Toxic leadership, a type of ineffective leadership, is becoming more common in management literature and has piqued the interest of many researchers in recent years [6, 7]. 15-42). BMC Nurs 22, 4 (2023). Retrieved from: https://www.leadershipforces.com/six-characteristics-toxic-leaders/, Yava A (2016) Sectoral differences in the perception of toxic leadership. The Conversation, Vreja LO, Balan S, Bosca LC (2016) An evolutionary perspective on toxic leadership. TOXIC LEADERSHIP In: Research in personnel and human resources Psychology Today. Left behind by 2023 stock-market rally? Use this kind of ETF to John Wiley & Sons Inc., New Jersey, Green JE (2014) Toxic leadership in educational organizations. Mil Rev 84(4):6771, Reed GE (2015) Tarnished: toxic leadership in the US military. Fast NJ, Burris ER, Bartel CA. 45 0 obj Abusive supervision and employee engagement and satisfaction: the mediating role of employee silence. This finding was congruent with the findings of Kili and Gnsel (2019) [43], who said that toxic leadership may lead to a drop in workplace performance, productivity, and output, as well as significant negative effects on workers. 12 0 obj According to Abou-Ramadan and Eid (2020) [37], more than one-third of nursing staff judged their leaders to have a high and moderate degree of narcissism, as well as unpredictable toxic leadership behaviours. <>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> Cultic Stud Rev 2:101129, Shaw JB, Erickson A, Harvey M (2011) A method for measuring destructive leadership and identifying types of destructive leaders in organizations. This scale had 12 items divided into four categories: acquiescent (3 items;=0.856), quiescent (3 items;=0.785), prosocial (3 items;=0.859), and opportunistic silence (3 items;=0.977). In addition, a strong, negative and significant correlation was noted between overall toxic leadership and overall nurses silence (R-value=-0.769 and p-value=0.001). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.069. Atalla AD, Elamir H, Abou Zeid MA. The researchers computed the average score for each dimension as well as the overall scale score (=0.976) was the average of the four dimensions; higher scores indicate higher level of toxic leadership. As the article focuses on leadership, and toxic leadership that is destructive not only for the workplace but also for human relationship, it argues for a need of ethical J Nurs Manag. Part of Furthermore, because the current results were based on self-reported data, they were vulnerable to response bias and subjectivity. Lasater KB, Jarrn OF, Aiken LH, McHugh MD, Sloane DM, Smith HL. Nurse managers should create a safe and stress-free environment for healthcare workers to express their ideas without fear of being criticized by colleagues and superiors, and they should encourage their employees to express their opinions by providing proper mechanisms for free expression and constructive criticism. 2007;33(3):26189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.03.001. Farghaly Abdelaliem, S.M., Abou Zeid, M.A.G. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! : managing toxic personalities and their systems of power. Stop Making Excuses for Toxic Bosses - Harvard Business Review As a result, it might be claimed that they are trying hard to reduce the influence of their toxic leaders. The regression models used in the study demonstrated that toxic leadership has an influence on organizational performance as well as on nurses silence. An Empirical Investigation of Toxic Leadership Traits Impacts on 1. In fact, it is very harmful to all organizations. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. IEEE Trans Eng Manage. Toxic leaders thrive in organizations that promote high performance but lack mechanisms to assess how these goals and objectives are met [10, 11]. Leadersh Q 18(4):298318, Uhl-Bien M, Riggio RE, Lowe KB, Carsten MK (2014) Followership theory: a review and research agenda. Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem. endobj endobj The present study seeks to add further insight into this relationship, by investigating three explanatory mechanisms, namely leader-member The expected reciprocal link between toxic leadership and organizational performance, as mediated by nurses silence, is depicted in Fig. PubMedGoogle Scholar. To predict the employee silence score and organizational performance in response to toxic leadership, a multiple regression analysis was undertaken. Psychol Health 28:291291, Reed GE (2004) Toxic leadership. 2016;27(1):1433. National Library of Medicine Effective leadership practices based on the values of respect, trust, and open communication are critical not only in providing high-quality care, butalso in creating a quality work environment where nurses are respected and valued, which helps to keep them motivated, satisfied, and committed to the organization [2]. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Future research can also test job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and work engagement. Eliminate Toxic Leadership | Proceedings - May 2022 Vol. Ryan KD, Oestreich DK. To validate the relation between Nurse Silence and Toxic Leadership, a regression analysis was performed, with Nurse Silence serving as the independent variable and Toxic Leadership serving as the dependent variable (Table 6). Epub 2012 Dec 14. Yurdakul M, Been MA, Erdoan S. The organisational silence of midwives and nurses: reasons and results. <> Participants rated each item on a seven-point scale (1=never, 7=very frequently). Data was gathered via survey questionnaires, which were distributed individually to nursing workers. This scale consisted of 30 items under four dimensions: intemperate (15 items; =0.868), narcissistic [9 items; =0.885], self-promoting (3 items=0.899), and humiliating behaviours (3 items; =0.877). 2005;8(2):13148. Linnaeus University, Diva Portal, Sweden. Kahya E, Oral N. Measurement of clinical nurse performance: developing a tool including contextual items. uuid:07753305-ac3a-11b2-0a00-80c800f8fd7f Nurses were assured that their information would be kept strictly confidential and used only for research purposes. Canadian Defence Academy Press, Winnipeg, Lipman-Blumen J (2005) Toxic leadership: when grand illusions masquerade as noble visions. Leadersh Q 25(1):83104, Ulmer WF (2012) Toxic leadership: what are we talking about. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, Gottfredson MR (2007) Self-control theory. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. FOIA Stress Health 32(4):346354, Whicker ML (1996) Toxic leaders: when organizations go bad. Furthermore, there are demands to prevent toxic leadership behaviours, which may have a detrimental influence on nurses organizational performance. <> They also micromanage, are rude, do not listen, and are threatening to their employees. management. Br J Manag 21(2):438452, Aboyassin NA, Abood N (2013) The effect of ineffective leadership on individual and organizational performance in Jordanian institutions. Baljoon RA, Banjar HE, Banakhar MA. WebToxic leadership is one of the dark sides of leadership, and it has an impact on staff performance and motivation (Labrague, 2020). https://doi.org/10.54117/iijss.v1i1.1. Table 2 also demonstrated that the general degree of nurses silence was largely moderate (56.5%), with a mean score of 4.900.72. J Manag. 2016;11(3):297311. Int J Econ Bus Manag Res 1(4):285298, Army Doctrine Publication (2012) Army leadership 6-22. Correspondence to 2019;57(9):742. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000001167. Int J Nurs Sci. Bookshelf J Nurs Educ Pract. The dark side of the leadership: the effects of toxic leaders on employees.
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