what is socket in electrical

[61] The socket is rectangular, with lateral key pins and indentations to maintain polarisation, and to prevent insertion of a plug with different current ratings. During crimping, the extended end of this insulating sleeve is simultaneously pressed around the insulated area of the cable, creating strain relief. Different standard systems of plugs and sockets are used around the world. The plugs and sockets used to power electric stoves from a single-phase line have to be rated for greater current values than those used with three-phase supply because all the power has to be transferred through two contacts, not three. ", "Learn More about Connector Mating Cycles", "Jack/Plug Jack, Plug, Male, Female Connectors", "Field Installable: The secret to mastering connectors", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrical_connector&oldid=1164834309, Red for cross-section areas from 0.5 to 1 mm, Blue for cross-section areas from 1.5 to 2.5 mm, Yellow for cross-section areas over 4 to 6 mm, This page was last edited on 11 July 2023, at 11:04. Two screws (one at the top and one at the bottom) hold the outlet to the electrical box. Although being often called "Argentinian plug," it is actually based on the American NEMA10-20 standard, and is incompatible[how?] Some letter types correspond to several current ratings or different technical standards, so the letter does not uniquely identify a plug and socket within the type family, nor guarantee compatibility. The flat pins for the 10A version measure 6.25 by 1.55mm (0.246 by 0.061in) and 8.0 by 1.9mm (0.315 by 0.075in) for the 20A version, and are set at 30 to the vertical at a nominal pitch of 7.92mm (0.312in). [54], The plug is similar to, but not interchangeable with, the Israeli SI32 plug. [citation needed]. Almost every appliance sold in Italy nowadays is equipped with CEE7/7 (German/French), CEE7/16 or CEE7/17 plugs, but the standard Italian sockets will not accept the first and the third ones since the pins of the CEE7/7 and CEE7/17 plugs are thicker (4.8mm) than the Italian ones (4mm); besides the pins are not sheathed and forcing them into a linear Italian socket may lead to electric shock. There are two primary types of outlets: domestic and industrial. Plugs are shaped to prevent finger contact with live parts. Components of an electrical circuit are electrically connected if an electric current can run between them through an electrical conductor. the connectors and wire ends cannot be reused). [40] Solder joints are also more prone to mechanical failure than crimped joints when subjected to vibration and compression.[42]. Industrial and multiphase power plugs and sockets, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 60906-1 Brazilian NBR 14136 standard, AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types, AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types BS 4573 (UK shaver), National Electrical Manufacturers Association, National Electrical Contractors Association, History of AC power plugs and sockets Obsolete types, "Alert noting non-compliant power strips", "Sri Lanka Sets National Standard for Plugs and Socket Outlets", "Army Sustainment: The Three Most Common Electrical Safety Issues in Deployed Environments", ftp://ftp.cencenelec.eu/CENELEC/TCs/61/PlugsSockets.pdf, "Mains Plugs with Insulated Pins. Socket vs Outlet: What's the Difference! - Home Arise The socket has a circular recess with two round holes. What is a socket? - IBM [22] CEE7 consists of general specifications and standard sheets for specific connectors. Contact pins may be sheathed with insulation over part of their length, so as to reduce exposure of energized metal during insertion or removal of the socket. The two standards were initially adopted because up to the second half of the 20th century in many regions of Italy electricity was supplied by means of two separate consumer connections one for powering illumination and one for other purposes and these generally operated at different voltages, typically 127V single phase and 220V single phase (from 3-phase 380V) or two phase (from 220V 3-phase). [48] The standard defines a hierarchical system of plugs and sockets with two, three and five pins, and 10A or 16A ratings. These wires are highly resilient to strain, but still somewhat elastic, hence they essentially function as linear springs. In buildings, electrical outlets are usually installed in the wall, although they can also be installed in the floor. This means that the uninsulated pins of a Chinese plug may become live while there is still a large enough gap between the faces of the plug and socket to allow a finger to touch the pin. Each of the two outlets has a long (neutral) slot, a shorter (hot) slot and a half-round grounding hole. For other types, see. Insecure mounting of connectors (primarily chassis-mounted) can contribute significantly to the risk of failure, especially when subjected to extreme shock or vibration. Plugs generally have one or more pins or prongs that are inserted into openings in the mating socket. [31] In the 1950s, Francois Bonhomme popularised hyperboloid contacts with his "Hypertac" connector, which was later acquired by Smiths Group. You wouldn't be wrong in calling it a socket. Side by side comparison of Italian CEI23-50 S17 and S11 plugs and sockets rated 16A (left) and 10A (right), Polarised (left) and unpolarised NEMA 1-15 plugs, assortment of Magic Security sockets (in orange, the industrial three-phase type). By about 1910 the first three-pin earthed (grounded) plugs appeared. This style of plug/socket was used by university laboratories (from batteries) and the BBC, and is still in use on parts of the London Underground for 110VAC voltage supply. This includes models rated at 10A and 16A that differ in contact diameter and spacing (see below for details). They were also known to be used in some British Rail offices for the same reason. Check that all of the wires are properly connected to the outlet and that all pigtailed wires are firmly connected under wire nuts. When commercial electric power was first introduced in the 1880s, it was used primarily for lighting. AC power plugs and sockets - Wikipedia As of 1 July 2008, wall sockets for French 2-pin, female earth CEE7/5 are permitted for installations in Denmark. Know about electrical socket types popular today They are manufactured in various configurations, depending on the country and the region in which they are used, with various ratings. It can be inserted in either direction, so line and neutral are connected arbitrarily. In New Zealand, PDL940 "tap-on" or "piggy-back" plugs are available which allow a second 10A plug to be fitted to the rear of the plug. The 14 cu. A common example is the multi-conductor flat ribbon cable used in computer disk drives; to terminate each of the many (approximately 40) wires individually would be slow and error-prone, but an insulation displacement connector can terminate all the wires in a single action. In Australia these piggy-back plugs are now available only on pre-made extension leads. Most local residential electrical codes are based on the NECthe National Electrical Code a model code that provides guidelines on which local communities can model their own residential codes. The most common type features two vertical slots for the electrical prongs and a single hole for the grounding prong, but there are many other types of wall plugs made for varying purposes, like surge protection, tamper . Lampholder plugs are rarely fused. Chinese dual sockets have both an unearthed socket complying with figure5 of GB1002-2008 (both flat pin and 4.8mm round pin), and an earthed socket complying with figure4 of GB1002-2008. Also known as outlets, receptacles, electrical sockets, and plugs, wall plugs are specifically designed to allow electrical equipment to connect to the electrical grid. Plug & socket types - WorldStandards "Engineering Definitions 'Com' to 'Con', "Molex Connectors Explained, as used in Pinball", "Golden Rules: Guidelines For The Use Of Gold On Connector Contacts", "Connectors: Failure Mechanisms and Anomalies", "Essential Connector Terms and Definitions for Specifiers of Interconnect Wiring Systems", "Field Guide: Industrial Ethernet Connectivity", "M12 versus RJ45 Ethernet connection systems", "Modern Hyperboloid Contacts for Circular I/O Connectors", "Would you trust your life to a 50-year old connector design? There are as many as 15 commonly used types of domestic plugs in use worldwide. Connectors are purely passive components that is, they do not enhance the function of a circuit so connectors should affect the function of a circuit as little as possible. The pins are not sheathed, in contrast to e.g. CEE7/1 sockets also accept CEE7/4, CEE7/6 and CEE7/7 plugs without providing an earth connection. Electrical contact is made by the flat surface of the ring or spade, while mechanically they are attached by passing a screw or bolt through them. The blade connected to neutral is 7.9 mm wide and the hot blade is 6.3 mm wide. So that manufacturers need not build many similar appliances differing only in the type of plug fitted, a common strategy is to provide an IEC 60320 inlet on the appliance and a detachable power cord (mains flex lead) and appropriate plug. Both current-carrying blades on grounding plugs are normally narrow, since the ground pin enforces polarity. Their installation in new homes was still quite common even in the late 1980s. In some countries these adaptors are banned and are not available in shops, as they may lead to fires due to overloading them. Ungrounded NEMA-1 outlets are not permitted in new construction in the United States and Canada, but can still be found in older buildings. The Vimar-brand universale (all purpose) socket accepts CEE7/4, CEE7/7, CEE7/16, CEE7/17, CEI23-50 S10, CEI23-50 S11, CEI23-50 S16, CEI 23-50S17 and also NEMA1-15 (US/Japan) plugs (older versions also had extra holes to accept UK shaver plugs). Electrical plugs and sockets differ from one another in voltage and current rating, shape, size, and connector type. Electrical Outlets: 9 Types That You Should Know - Wire Craft In some cases an equipment manufacturer might choose a connector specifically because it is not compatible with those from other sources, allowing control of what may be connected. It is usually desirable for a connector to be easy to identify visually, rapid to assemble, inexpensive, and require only simple tooling. This is done in order to establish a connection in a circuit. CEE 7/1 socket accepts earthed CEE7/3, CEE7/5 and CEE7/7 plugs but provides no earth connection. The plug and socket system is similar in appearance to the Australian and Chinese plugs. They are generally used in polyphase systems, with high currents, or when protection from environmental hazards is required.Industrial outlets may have weatherproof covers, waterproofing sleeves, or may be interlocked with a switch to . This plug can be inserted into a Danish Type K socket, but the earth contact will not connect. Most Israeli, Swiss, Danish and Italian sockets, were designed to accept pins of various diameters, mainly 4.8mm, but also 4.0mm and 4.5mm, and are usually fed by final circuits with either 10A or 16A overcurrent protection devices.[24]. The pins are parallel and do not converge. Some countries still permit their use in dry areas. Sockets may be recessed and plugs designed to fit closely within the recess to reduce risk of a user's fingers contacting the live pins. there are about 20types in common use around the world, and many obsolete socket types are found in older buildings. Universal wall sockets - WorldStandards They have a high number of contact points, which provides a more electrically reliable connection than traditional pin and socket connectors.[34]. How to Wire an Electrical Socket: 13 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow - Solved Examples Most residential devices are 15A, but on occasion a 20A device may be appropriate. The M12 connector, specified in IEC 61076-2-101, is a circular electrical plug/receptacle pair with 12mm OD mating threads, used in NMEA 2000, DeviceNet, IO-Link, some kinds of Industrial Ethernet, etc.[16][17]. This Australian/New Zealand standard is used in Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Tonga, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea. [30], Whilst hyperboloid contacts may be the only option to make a reliable connection in some circumstances, they have the disadvantage of taking up greater volume in a connector, which can cause problems for high-density connectors. Fretting (so-called dynamic corrosion) is a common failure mode in electrical connectors that have not been specifically designed to prevent it, especially in those that are frequently mated and de-mated. Adaptors between standards are not included in the standards, and as a result they have no formal quality criteria defined. Clockwise from top left: CEE7/4 (German) plug; a matching CEE7/3 socket with exposed earth (ground) projections on circumference of socket; CEE7/5 (French) socket with projecting earth pin. The general convention is sockets for power sources, pins for loads. There were also moulded rubber plugs available for devices up to 16A similar to CEE7/17, but with a round base without any notches. According to NEC, an outlet is the point (s) in an electrical wiring system where current can be taken and utilize by electrical appliances and equipment by plugging them in it. This power is brought into your home and is distributed by a circuit breaker. [16] These are used for both 220-volt and 127-volt regions of the country, despite the IEC60906-2 recommendation that NEMA5-15 be used for 120V connections. Locking levers and jackscrews and screw-in shells for such connectors frequently serve both to retain the connector when connected and to provide the force needed for connection and disconnection. In other applications the two ends are terminated differently, either with male and female of the same connector (as in an extension cord), or with incompatible connectors, which is sometimes called an adapter cable. There is a detailed comparison between these two down below. Sockets will accept plugs with the same or fewer pins and the same or lower ratings. The hybrid socket is also defined in TIS166-2547, in addition to a plain three-round-pin socket, with plans to replace the former and phase out support for NEMA-compatible plugs. Sometimes the cords used to plug in dual voltage 120V / 240V equipment are rated only for 125V, so care must be taken by travellers to use only cords with an appropriate voltage rating. [44][45] Therefore, some North American devices which can be physically plugged into Japanese sockets may not function properly. [1] Crimping is used in splice connectors, crimped multipin plugs and sockets, and crimped coaxial connectors. There are, however, two-pin sockets and adaptors which will accept both BS4573 and Europlugs. Where a lower rate was applied to electric power used for lighting circuits, lampholder plugs enabled the consumers to reduce their electricity costs. It is polarised when used with a French CEE7/5 socket, but can be inserted two ways into a CEE7/3 socket. These are the same as their 10A "Type 1x" counterparts, but replace the round pins with 4mm 5mm rectangular pins. This Soviet plug, still sometimes used in the region, has pin dimensions and spacing equal to the Europlug, but lacks the insulation sleeves.
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