cavalier king charles spaniel

AKC actively advocates for responsible dog ownership and is dedicated to advancing dog sports. We are often asked this question and have thoroughly researched it. Standards require this be kept long, with the feathering on the feet a particularly important aspect of the breed's features. CKC Spaniels are very eager to please and easy to train. Reward your Cavalier King Charles Spaniel puppy with treats so that they understand the power of positive reinforcement when they listen to your commands.. The affectionate, active, and family-friendly dog is known for its silky, wavy coat; short legs; floppy ears; and distinctive feathered features. Use our site for reputable breeders list, questions to ask yourself and breeders, and answers about choosing a puppy or an adult. We are an active and dynamic group striving to protect and advance the breed by reaching out to the Cavalier community with educational seminars, social events and health clinics. [43], A veterinarian will rule out basic causes of scratching or discomfort such as ear mites, fleas, and allergies, and then, primary secretory otitis media (PSOM glue ear), as well as spinal or limb injuries, before assuming that a Cavalier has SM. With a natural desire to explore, sniff, and chase, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel makes a good adventure companion if you enjoy hiking. They are also small, toy breed dogs and do not need a large room or crate, making them a great choice for an apartment. Progression is variable though the majority of dogs showing symptoms by age four tend to see progression of the condition. They enjoy napping as much playing fetch. If your King Charles has black nails, avoid trimming past the curve of the nail and look for a chalky white ring on the nail this is where you should stop trimming. Their coats are soft and silky, much like velvet. Click to reveal StoryTime Cavaliers Cavalier King Charles Spaniels [43], Not all dogs who show scratching behaviour appear to be in pain, though several leading researchers, including Dr Clare Rusbridge in the UK and Drs Curtis Dewey and Dominic Marino in the US, believe scratching in SM Cavaliers is a sign of pain and discomfort and of existing neurological damage to the dorsal horn region of the spine. Cavaliers continued to be popular with British aristocracy through the 19th century. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7e64a904393a4d34 This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a dog that enjoys . [2] The lifespan is usually between eight and twelve years. CKC Spaniels are very gentle and playful and would make a great addition to a home with children. I have been breeding these wonderful dogs since 2002 and because I am always looking for my next show puppy, I . These dogs do well in competitive sports, such as agility and obedience. Black-and-tan black with tan markings like the tricolor, as well as on their chest and legs. The official breed standard is published by the American Kennel Club, below is a summary of some of the main points. Although it is not currently recognized by the . Both breeds come in the same colors and look quite similar. Symptoms include sensitivity around the head, neck, or shoulders, often indicated by a dog whimpering or frequently scratching at the area of his neck or shoulder. Consider feeding your adult and senior CKC Spaniel a low-fat or low-calorie diet, as maintaining lean body weight is best for dogs that are prone to orthopedic problems. Brushing not only helps prevent tangles and matting, but also serves as a massage and develops the human-animal bond. The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel bonds with family members and will often choose a favorite family member although they will get along with everyone. Clumsiness and falling results from this problem. The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a British breed of toy dog of spaniel type. Related article: Cavalier King Charles Spaniel History: Behind the Breed, Active Shooter & Mass Attack Safety Resources, Blenheim chestnut markings n a white ground with a white blaze between the ears and a lozenge-shaped marking in the center, called the Blenheim spot.. . Four colours are recognised: Blenheim (chestnut and white), tricolour (black/white/tan), black and tan, and ruby; the coat is smooth and silky. While small in size, this breed is big in personality. As such, dogs of the breed are good with children and other dogs. Over that time, Lovett Cavaliers has earned an impeccable reputation as illustrated by approximately 80 five star Google Reviews. They do well with both active, athletic families and with less active, homebody types. In addition, their facial features, while similar, are different; the Cavalier's ears are set higher and its skull is flat, while the King Charles's skull is domed. Their gait is free and elegant, with good reach and drive. Platelets, or thrombocytes, are disk-shaped blood elements that aid in blood clotting. "[40] The MVD breeding protocol recommends that parents should be at least 2.5 years old and heart clear, and their parents (i.e., the puppy's grandparents) should be heart clear until age 5. Veterinarians specializing in genetics and cardiology have worked to decrease the threat of MVD in puppies by creating a set of rules all Cavalier breeders must follow. Unlike most breeds, there isn't much size difference between the male and female Cavaliers. Home | Lovett Cavaliers [27] Today, Cavaliers are becoming a popular choice in cross breeding and are bred with other dogs such as poodles, though it should be acknowledged that these breeds are not purebred dogs eligible for registration under the AKC. They got their name from British royalty in the 17th century. The cavalier King Charles spaniel is one of the largest and most popular toy dog breeds, often called the perfect lap dog. The Cavalier is particularly susceptible to early-onset heart disease, which may be evident in dogs as young as one or two years of age. When your dog reaches 7-8 years old, it is best to ask your vet if you could switch to a diet formulated for senior dogs. The average price is around $1,500 for a high-quality puppy from a reputable breeder. CKC Spaniels are a part of the toy group but are also sporting and hunting dogs and, with their gentle nature, make excellent therapy dogs. The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) keeps records on the hip status of individual dogs, including CKC Spaniels, over many generations. A mild, soap-free, aloe- or oatmeal-based shampoo is best to keep their skin healthy and coat shiny. They can advise you best on what medications to give your dog to prevent fleas and ticks. Unlike other dog breeds with MVD, in CKC Spaniels, this condition almost always leads to congestive heart failure. Dogs that are older than 1 year should eat a diet labeled for adult dogs. The usual cause of this condition is an autoimmune reaction against the dog's lacrimal gland (tear gland), reducing the production of tears. It was recognised by the American Kennel Club in 1995,[2] and the ACKCSC became the parent club for Cavaliers. This type of dog food is often leaner and has added vitamins and supplements such as glucosamine for joint health. The CKC Spaniel is currently ranked as the 15th most popular dog in the U.S. by the American Kennel Club. A survey by The Kennel Club of the United Kingdom showed that 42.8% of Cavalier deaths are cardiac related. It cannot be cured, but the pain can often be successfully managed. You are his life, his love, his leader. Some of the conditions this breed is associated with are as follows: Heart Disease: The breed is particularly associated with developing Mitral Valve Disease (MVD). Cavaliers are one of the largest toy breeds standing at 12 to 13 inches (30 to 33 cm) at the shoulder and weighing 13 to 20 pounds (6 to 9 kg) as an adult dog. He is amiable toward other dogs, pets, and strangers. These include vaccines to protect against distemper, parvovirus, and rabies.. All rights reserved. Not convinced? Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Puppies | Georgia | Briarcliff Cavaliers MVD starts with heart murmurs, which can progress into heart failure. Even in adult spaniels with severe hip dysplasia, X-rays may not always indicate the disease. Syringomyelia (SM) or neck scratchers disease is a severe, inherited, progressive neurological disease that is usually diagnosed in CKC Spaniels between 6 months and 3 years of age, but it has been reported in dogs up to 10 years old. [54], A 1999 study of Cavaliers conducted by the Canine Eye Registration Foundation showed that an average of 30% of all Cavalier King Charles Spaniels evaluated had eye problems. The American Kennel Club, Inc. 2022. Their silky and luscious fur should be brushed for about 10 minutes a day to prevent knots and maintain shine. Your IP: The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is slightly larger than the King Charles Spaniel and has higher-set ears, a flatter skull, and a longer muzzle. The next most common causes are cancer (12.3%) and old age (12.2%). Be sure to ask your vet about any boosters your dog might need as they get older. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Grooming: The Essential Guide - Rover.com In 1996, the AKC recognized the Cavalier. They include: AKC is a participant in affiliate advertising programs designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to akc.org. For instance, in the Ttiweh Cavalier Kennel, the population of 60 dogs dropped to three during the 1940s. Characteristics of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, History of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Where to Adopt or Buy a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. CKC Spaniels make great pets for just about any home or lifestyle. With appropriate care and attention, these loyal companions can be with you well into their golden years. The silky coat may have a slight wave; it is medium in length. The cavalier King Charles spaniel is one of the largest and most popular toy dog breeds, often called the perfect lap dog. The Cavalier Rescue Cavalier King Charles Spaniel in the window. All trademarks are owned by Socit des Produits Nestl S.A., or used with permission. Long feathering on the feet is a breed characteristic. The Cavalier was adored for its affectionate demeanor and quickly became a popular lapdog for many English people, especially King Charles II. CKC Spaniels have long earflaps that are prone to infections. They usually thrive in the company of humans and other dogs and, for this reason, they would suit a household where they will not regularly be left alone. It results in cavities in the spinal cord filling up with fluid near the brain. They are also known to help support eye and heart health. It is a deterioration of the hearts mitral valve, which normally keeps blood flowing in the correct direction. [citation needed] There are several major differences between the two breeds, with the primary difference being size. [7], The Second World War caused a drastic setback to the emerging breed, with the vast majority of breeding stock destroyed because of wartime hardship and food shortages. Thrives in a family or multi-dog household, Eager to please, responds well to positive training, Flexible energy levels for walks of all types (slow and short to long hikes), Prone to many inheritable health conditions, High-maintenance grooming regime necessary. Spinal Cord Development Disorders in Dogs, Anal Gland Cancer in Dogs (Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma), The 6 Most Common Genetic Disorders in Dogs. Patellar luxation causes limping, lameness, and bunny hopping and usually affects both hind legs. Cavaliers are the best of two worlds, combining the gentle attentiveness of a toy breed with the. They require a lot of physical attention, including belly rubs and cuddles. His estate was named Blenheim in honour of his victory at the Battle of Blenheim. While heart disease is common in dogs generally one in 10 of all dogs will eventually have heart problems mitral valve disease is generally (as in humans) a disease of old age. Cavs retain their original hunting instincts and can be off like a shot after small creatures or if they catch a scent. During Victoria's era, these spaniels began to be crossed more with flatter-faced companion breeds from Asia, such as the pug and the Japanese chin. The two breeds share similar history and only diverged from each other about 100 years ago. Your Cavalier may bark to call your attention to someone at the door, but mostly theyre calm and quiet. Rescue cavaliers can be found at the Cavalier Rescue USA site. The following are fun activities you can enjoy with your CKC Spaniel: Obedience classes to help with mental stimulation. Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are one of the best companions you can ever choose! Breeders attempted to recreate what they considered to be the original configuration a dog resembling Charles II's spaniel of the English Civil War period, when supporters of the king were known as Cavaliers. [17] This colour is referred to as "Prince Charles" in the King Charles Spaniel.[7]. The only reasons this dog would show aggression is if it is in pain or left alone for too long. https://www.akc.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php. The Marlborough family of Blenheim Palace bred a line of red-and-white spaniels. Probiotics are used to help improve digestive health, immunity, and ability to fight disease; manage urinary tract infections; and reduce allergic reactions by blocking allergens from getting absorbed into the intestines and blood stream. History: The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel has its roots in Europe, where it is believed to have developed from crosses between small spaniels and Oriental toy breeds, like the Japanese Chin. CKC Spaniels that are under 1 year old should eat a special diet formulated for puppies. [21] They ranked higher in some individual US cities in the 2008 statistics, being 8th in both Nashville and Minneapolis-St.Paul,[22] 7th in Boston, Atlanta[23] and Washington D.C.,[24] and 6th in both New York City[22] and San Francisco. The organization has many breeder and rescuer contacts for this breed on its site. The grades 34 are most severe where surgery will most likely be needed to correct the problem to avoid the development of arthritis and lameness in the limb. Is this breed a good dog for apartment living? Always make sure that you see mom and puppies together in a nurturing home environment. What to Know About Cavalier King Charles Spaniels - WebMD Cavalier King Charles Spaniels have coats of various colors, including: Cavalier King Charles Spaniel size.As a toy breed,Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are on the smaller side. This companionable breed has long been associated with nobles and royals in Europe, particularly England, from as far back as the 17th century. Cavalier King Charles spaniels are known for generally being incredibly affectionate, sociable, happy-go-lucky, and eager to please. Some serious genetic health problems, including early-onset mitral valve disease (MVD), the potentially severely painful syringomyelia (SM), hip dysplasia, luxating patellas, and certain vision and hearing disorders are health problems for this breed. At Lizmere Cavalier King Charles Spaniels in Charlotte, NC, you will find King Charles Spaniel puppies for sale that will fit into your lifestyle whether you like to hike or are less active. One thing youll notice about Cavalier King Charles Spaniels is that they have ceaselessly wagging tails. [2] However, some owners prefer to trim their Cavalier's long feathers and slippers that can become very dirty when walking or playing outside. Children may be unaware of how to behave around dogs, so avoid leaving your Cavalier alone with them for a long time at least until your child is mature enough to understand how to play with dogs. You can ask your veterinarian, follow the package instructions, or contact the dog food manufacturer, as AAFCO-approved diets have veterinary nutritionists who help determine dietary requirements. Life Span. COAT: Long, sleek and silky coat with feathering around ears, feet, chest, and tail, COAT COLOR: Four color varieties include tricolor, Blenheim (red and white), ruby, and black and tan, TEMPERAMENT: Playful, affectionate, patient, graceful, sociable, gentle. 7 Things To Know About Cavalier King Charles Spaniels AKC & CKCSC-USA Champion Cavalier King Charles Spaniels FOR SHOW AND COMPANIONSHIP. Responsible breeders usually test dogs for any health issues before deciding whether to breed them. The breed was even named for the monarch. - Located conveniently between Wilmington, North Carolina and Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.-Central Carolina Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club, President - ACKCSC, Associate Member - CKCSC-USA, Member. A general rule of thumb is the longer the dogs hair coat, the more grooming is required. Finally, the muzzle length of the Cavalier tends to be longer than that of its King Charles cousin. Learn more about how Purina and Petfinder are making a difference together. It is not present at birth but develops with age. They do tend to have more health issues than other breeds, though. A new dog owner will learn grooming skills with a cavalier, but this sweet-natured pup has a great personality for novice owners. If you're looking for a lifelong companion, this type of dog could make the perfect pet.. Home - Hillwood Cavalier King Charles Spaniels 770-458-9877. By making your home a safe space and showing your King Charles what you expect of them early on, they can easily be trained. Let them sniff it and become familiar with the tool, then make nail trimming a weekly habit or when necessary. Unless you're raising a show dog, plan to bathe your Cavalier around once a month.Keep in mind that the King Charles Spaniel is not a hypo-allergenic breed and they do shed moderately.. Cavaliers can notably be prone to mitral valve disease, which leads to heart failure. Cavaliers are naturally curious and playful, but also enjoy simply cuddling up on a cushion or lap, making them excellent companion or lap dogs for medical patients and the elderly. They were extremely popular with King Charles I and his son King Charles II, which is where their name is derived. Scratching is often unilateral restricted to one side of the body. The breed was named after 17th century British monarchs, King Charles I and his son, Charles II, who had a special love for the black- and tan-coated Cavaliers.. We are dedicated to the rescue, rehabilitation, reuniting, and re-homing of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels as well as education focused on Cavalier health, reputable breeding, and puppy mill awareness. Their gait is free and elegant, with good reach and drive. King Charles Spaniels are affectionate, attentive, gentle toys that adapt to each owner's lifestyle. Hip dysplasia is another health condition in CKC Spaniels where the thigh bone does not fit correctly into the hip bone. Since this condition doesnt typically fully heal, your dog will need lifelong treatment and management. Founded in 1884, the not-for-profit AKC is the recognized and trusted expert in breed, health, and training information for all dogs. Also, the King Charles Spaniel has a snubbed nose that is turned up at the end, while the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel has a more elongated muzzle. Joint supplements such as glucosamine, chondroitin, and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) are great for joint health. [47] About 1% of Cavaliers are affected by the condition, with 19% being carriers. The CKC Spaniel has a long, silky coat requiring regular brushing and grooming. MSM has all-natural, anti-inflammatory properties. The platelets in the blood of many Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are a combination of those of normal size for dogs and others that are abnormally oversized, or macrothrombocytes. [39] The chairperson of the UK CKCS Club said in 2009: "There are many members who are still not prepared to health check their breeding stock, and of those who do, it would appear that many would not hesitate to breed from affected animals. AKC actively advocates for responsible dog ownership and is dedicated to advancing dog sports. The breed is associated with obesity, so avoid overfeeding them, no matter how much they give you puppy dog eyes. The modern Cavaliers descended from the same six dogs. The tail is usually not docked,[13] and the Cavalier should have a silky coat of moderate length. It is crucial that, if you are buying a puppy, you seek out a responsible and accredited breeder that has done the relevant health screens on the parents. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel personality. Because this is a highly heritable disease, it is advised not to breed a CKC Spaniel with a heart murmur or with diagnosed MVD. This breed is an ideal choice for a first-time dog owner. Symptoms of eye disease in CKC Spaniels include: Depending on which eye condition is diagnosed, surgery or long-term eye medications might be necessary. If a Cavalier has a grade 12, physical rehabilitation therapy and exercise may reduce the grading and potentially avoid surgery. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. [12], Historically the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was a lap dog and is small for a spaniel, with fully grown adults comparable in size to adolescents of other larger spaniel breeds. They have hair, but not so much that they need regular visits to the groomer. The Cav retains the build of a working spaniel, yet in a smaller version. As a puppy, your Cavalier King Charles Spaniel needs basic vaccinations up until they are 18 to 24 months. CKC Spaniels are prone to eye conditions such as cherry eye, dry eye, retinal problems, and cataracts. Because the pain and other sensations in the head and neck areas, resulting from PSOM, are similar to some symptoms caused by syringomyelia (SM), some examining veterinarians have mis-diagnosed SM in Cavaliers that actually have PSOM and not SM. Founded in 1884, the not-for-profit AKC is the recognized and trusted expert in breed, health, and training information for all dogs. American Kennel Club: "7 Things To Know About Cavalier King Charles Spaniels," "Cavalier King Charles Spaniel," Dog Dental Care," Flea & Tick Prevention: Why Its Worthwhile, How to Groom a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, How to Train a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Puppy, How to Trim Your Dogs Nails Safely," Top 5 Dental Conditions for Dogs and Cats, "What Do Flea Bites Look Like on Dogs?, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club: "FAQs," "Vaccinations. Learn More About Cavaliers This condition is most often observed when a puppy is 4 to 6 months old. Most vets prescribe a monthly dose of a pill in the form of a treat.. If you are looking for a breed with a low-maintenance grooming regime, this may not be the dog for you. The "hinge" on the heart's mitral valve loosens and can gradually deteriorate, along with the valve's flaps, causing a heart murmur (as blood seeps through the valve between heartbeats) then congestive heart failure. The frequency of grooming depends on how long you keep your dogs coat. We do not have puppies available for immediate placement at the present time. In addition, more recent studies have found Cavaliers that develop a progressive hearing loss, which usually begins during puppy-hood and progresses until the dog is completely deaf, usually between the ages of three and five years. Head - The head is slightly rounded, but should overall appear . She went to University of Florida for her Sign up for weekly pet health tips and insights from our veterinarians. King Charles I and his son Charles II were so fond of this breed that they took their dogs with them everywhere, including Parliament. General Appearance - A graceful and well-balanced dog with a gentle, melting expression unique to the breed. Dog Group: Miscellaneous (Designer) Size: 7-15 inches tall, 11-20 lbs Lifespan: 11-16 years Energy Level: Medium Coat: Soft and either wavy or curly Shedding: Light Hypoallergenic: Semi. They only require a small amount of exercise daily; two 20-30 minute walks are sufficient. Besides grooming, this breed needs lots of together time with its human so it does not develop separation anxiety. Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are very adaptable to your habits. The Cavalier King Charles (CKC) Spaniel is a loving and affectionate companion dog. His long coat needs brushing every other day. Fleas cause itchy, irritated skin and, in more serious cases, skin diseases. Because they are a toy breed and have just a single coat of fur, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels cannot handle being outside for long, especially when it's cold. CKC Spaniels are usually 12-13 inches tall and weigh 13-18 pounds. Since some CKC Spaniels have white or light-colored fur around the eyes, it is good practice to clean the eyes and surrounding areas daily with a wet, warm washcloth or a medicated wipe, such as Angels Eyes, to prevent tear staining. Make sure to trim these areas as needed, especially if you plan to take your dog on long walks or outside to play. [7], Ruby Cavaliers should be entirely chestnut all over,[18] although some can have some white in their coats that is considered a fault under American Kennel Club conformation show rules. Essential fatty acids such as omega-3 (high-quality fish oil) may have anti-inflammatory properties when given at appropriate doses. The names can get confusing, so you'll most commonly find the King Charles Spaniel referred to as the EnglishToy Spaniel. It is not a good idea to allow your CKC Spaniel to go off leash. Although EF is often misdiagnosed as epilepsy, which typically results in loss of consciousness, the dog remains conscious throughout the episode. Trim at a slight angle and just below where the nail becomes pink. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. This will make training much easier., Cavalier King Charles Spaniel training. He equally enjoys sharing time on the couch or on a walk. In 2009, the Cavalier was the 4th most popular breed in Australia with 3,196 registrations behind only Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherd Dogs and Staffordshire Bull Terriers. Once a day is ideal, but if you can't find the time, 3 to 4 times a week should be enough. Cavalier King Charles Spaniels crave companionship, so its best to avoid leaving your Cavalier alone for too long. Mrs Neville Lytton" in 1911. An MRI scan is normally done to confirm diagnosis of SM (and also will reveal PSOM). Because of the founder effect, if at least one of these six dogs has a health problem, that problem will pass on to all future generations. King Charles Cavaliers World Class Breeding For more than fifteen years, Pamela Lovett has cultivated AKC champion bloodlines for her sires and dams and breeds exquisite Cavalier King Charles Spaniel puppies. The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is an elegant, royal, toy spaniel, slightly longer than tall, with moderate bones. Your CKC Spaniels ears should be checked weekly for signs of infection such as redness, debris, and odor. The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is outgoing, playful, and craves attention and interaction. Thrombocytopenia and macrothrombocytopenia, Judith Blunt-Lytton, 16th Baroness Wentworth, "Longevity and mortality of owned dogs in England", "Get to Know the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel", "Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Dog Breed Information", "AKC MEET THE BREEDS: Cavalier King Charles Spaniel", "Top 10 Most Popular Breeds in the 50 Largest U.S. Cities Page 3", "Top 10 Most Popular Breeds in the 50 Largest U.S. Cities Page 1", "Top 10 Most Popular Breeds in the 50 Largest U.S. Cities Page 5", American Kennel Club 2013 Dog Registration Statistics Historical Comparisons & Notable Trends, "ANKC: National Animal Registration Analysis", "Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Training and Cavalier Dog Breed Info", "Breed Profile: The English Toy Spaniel or King Charles Spaniel", "Norway bans breeding of British Bulldogs and Cavalier King Charles spaniels", "Summary Results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for Cavalier King Charles Spaniels", "Mitral Valve Disease and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels", "Mitral Valve Disease Breeding Protocol for the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel", "Important Findings At CKCSC, USA'S Heart Symposium", "Syringomyelia (SM) and the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel", "Primary Secretory Otitis Media (PSOM) in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel", "A canine BCAN microdeletion associated with episodic falling syndrome", "Episodic Falling Syndrome (Muscle Hypertonicity): Cavaliers Collapse Suddenly After Exercise", "Frequency of two disease-associated mutations in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels", "Blood Platelets in Cavaliers: Too Few (Thrombocytopenia) and Too Large (Macrothrombocytopenia)", "Hip Dysplasia in Cavaliers: Painful and Expensive", "Patellar Luxation in Cavaliers: Genetic and Degenerative", "Dry Eye Syndrome: A Life-Long Irritating Defect for Cavaliers", "What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)?
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