countries where polygamy is illegal

Public sector workers set to feel the benefit of pay review how much will wages rise by and who will be included? Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Islam is the only major religious tradition where polygyny is still largely condoned, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses, Latter Day Saint polygamy in the late-19th century, Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, "Why Is Polygyny More Prevalent in Western Africa? Most FLDS members live in Hildale, Utah and Colorado City, Arizona, about 350 miles southwest of Salt Lake City, with other communities in Canada, Texas and other areas of the North American west. Some of the husbands fail to share love and other resources equally; and envy and hatred, and sometimes violent physical confrontations become the order of the day among co-wives and their children. Anderson, M. J.; Dixson, A. F. (2002). Polygamy continues in Bhutan[38] in various forms as it has since ancient times. Polygamy is illegal in South Korea under Article 769 of the Civil Code, with violators facing imprisonment of up to two years or a fine of up to 20 million won ($18,000 USD). [145] He had a total of nine wives, but not all at the same time, depending on the sources in his lifetime. In Canada, both bigamy (article 290 of the Criminal code of Canada)[144]) and de facto polygamy (article 293 of the Criminal Code) [145] are illegal, but there are provisions in the property law of at least the Canadian province of Saskatchewan that consider the possibility of de facto multiple marriage-like situations (e.g. Bergin & Garvey; 1994. In, Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E. Gender in History: Global Perspectives. ")[137], The Lutheran World Federation hosted a regional conference in Africa, in which the acceptance of polygynists and their wives into full membership by the Lutheran Church in Liberia was defended as being permissible. Other fragments in the Buddhist scripture seem to treat polygamy unfavorably, leading some authors to conclude that Buddhism generally does not approve of it[127] or alternatively regards it as a tolerated, but subordinate, marital model. Nicholas Riccardi. In the 21st century, a revival of the practice of polygamy in the Muslim World has contributed to efforts to re-establish its legality and legitimacy in some countries and communities where it is illegal. ", "Sex Slaves The Dirty Secret Behind The Founding Of Iceland", "Kinder, Gentler Vikings? Polygamy is a common marriage pattern in some parts of the world. polygamy | Wex | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute [108], Although non-Muslim Russian populations have historically practiced monogamy, Russian politician Vladimir Zhirinovsky offered to legalize polygyny to encourage population growth and correct the demographic crisis of Russians. In some regions of shifting cultivation where polygyny is most frequently recorded, labor is often starkly divided between genders. Opposition to the practice by the United States government resulted in an intense legal conflict, and culminated in LDS Church president Wilford Woodruff announcing the church's official abandonment of the practice on September 25, 1890. Polygyny varies according to a woman's age, religion and educational experience. During the 18391844 Nauvoo era, while several Mormon leaders (including Smith, Brigham Young and Heber C. Kimball) took plural wives, any Mormon leaders who publicly taught the polygamous doctrine were disciplined. For decades, polygamists in Utah lived under the threat of jail time for their marriages. Many Mormons, including prominent LDS Church leaders, maintained existing plural marriages well into the 20th century. Countries Where Polygamy Is Legal 2023 - World Population Review Boserup (1970)[9] was the first to propose that the high incidence of polygyny in sub-Saharan Africa is rooted in the sexual division of labor in hoe-farming and the large economic contribution of women. Over time, monogamous marriages became the norm in most societies, and laws were put in place to enforce this standard. In 1998, about 40,000 people living in Utah were part of a polygamist family, or about 1.4 percent of the population. London, England & Sterling, VA: Cromwell Press, Trowbridge. In Malaysia and Morocco, a man must justify taking an additional wife at a court hearing before he is allowed to do so. In North America, polygyny is practiced by some Mormon sects, such as the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS Church). It is usually lawful in various Muslim countries and restricted to men who follow the Islamic faith. This Bill would ensure that individuals in polygamous marriages and religiously recognized marriages not considered legal in the UK are informed that they could be without legal protection if they were caught by authorities. 2. Polygamy is rare around the world | Pew Research Center In the territory that became Utah, and some surrounding areas, plural marriage was openly practiced by LDS Church adherents. [69], A notable critic of polygyny was Thomas Aquinas nearly eight centuries ago. (1981). [20] Polygyny also served as "a dynamic principle of family survival, growth, security, continuity, and prestige", especially as a socially approved mechanism that increases the number of adult workers immediately and the eventual workforce of resident children. Medium - Caleb Rockstedt 17h. All the northern states in Nigeria governed by Islamic Sharia law recognize polygamous marriages. In contrast to Eurocentric views of marriage and property in which land and other belongings were perceived as being owned by individuals or couples, indigenous people regarded property in a more communal manner, facilitating the existence of polygamy. Countries Where Polygamy Is Legal 2022 - World Populace Buddhism Buddhists regard marriage as a secular affair rather than a sacrament. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Latter Day Saint polygamy in the late-19th century, Legality of polygamy in the United States, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, "Algeria Researched and compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on 22 July 2011: Information on forced marriages and polygamous marriages, including the treatment of women", "In modern Cameroon polygamy doesn't pay - csmonitor.com", "Republic Of Congo Responds To Questions Raised In Women'S Anti-Discrimination Committee | Meetings Coverage And Press Releases", "Women's rights protection instruments ratified by Djibouti", "Polygamy in Egypt: Why I Decided to Marry a Second Wife", "Refworld - Swaziland: Laws and customs in Swaziland regarding polygamy", "Gender Equality and Social Institutions in Gabon", "African Women's Rights Observatory > Country Specific Information - Gabon", "Gender Equality in Guinea | Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)", "Libyan men now allowed to remarry without consent of first wife: court rule", "Libya's Women Activists Outraged by Court Ruling on Wives", "Mali: polygamy, including conditions to be met for a man to be able to marry a second wife; divorce, specifically when a woman requests a divorce, including the grounds and treatment of women by society and the authorities (2012-December 2013)", "Gender Equality in Mauritania | Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)", "Polygamy: How Moroccans trick to have a second wife", "Traditional marriage in Nigeria: Polygamy", "Gender Equality in Senegal | Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)", "Acceptance of Polygamy Slowly Changes in Muslim Africa", "MJC (SA) welcomes the Constitutional Court ruling on the recognition of Muslim Marriages", "Women's Legal Centre Trust v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others (CCT 24/21) [2022] ZACC 23 (28 June 2022)", http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZACC/2022/23media.pdf, "Togo: Polygamy among the country's ruling elite", "Gender Equality in Uganda | Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)", "Gender Equality in Zambia | Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)", "Afghan Mullah Leading Stoning Inquiry Condones Practice", "Freedom House: Women's Rights in Bahrain 2009 | Bahrain Center for Human Rights", "Gender Equality in Bangladesh | Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)", "Gender Equality in Bhutan | Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)", "Gender Equality in Indonesia | Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)", "Gender Equality in Iran, Islamic Rep. | Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)", "Rising incomes mean many Iraqi men marry multiple wives", "Marriage in Jordan - U.S. Embassy in Jordan", "Gender Equality in Oman | Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)", "Gender Equality in Saudi Arabia | Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)", "Gender Equality in Syrian Arab Republic | Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)", "Gender Equality in United Arab Emirates | Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)", "Gender Equality in Yemen | Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)", "Solomon Islands: Gender and Investment Climate Reform Assessment", "What are the types of marriages in Malaysia? This means that the legal status of the polygamy is going to be different from one country to another. Polygamy among these groups persists today in Utah, Arizona, Colorado, Canada, and some neighboring states, as well as up to 15,000 isolated individuals with no organized church affiliation. She made a series of phone calls to authorities in late March, claiming she had been beaten and forced to become a "spiritual" wife to an adult man. Your email address will not be published. In the past, a traditional Qatar marriage was tribal, with linked families encouraging their offspring to marry cousins or other family members to strengthen their tribe. This map demonstrates just how many countries still allow polygamy (which is a marriage containing more than two people), and in which countries it is illegal but not criminalised. A clear status hierarchy among wives is also sometimes used to avoid fighting by establishing unequivocally each wife's rights and obligations. [103], Factual polygamy and sexual relationships with several adult partners are not punishable in accordance with current revisions of Criminal Code of Russia and Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses. Let us know in the comments below. [56] On December 13, 2013, US Federal Judge Clark Waddoups ruled in Brown v. Buhman[57] that the portions of Utah's anti-polygamy laws which prohibit multiple cohabitation were unconstitutional, but also allowed Utah to maintain its ban on multiple marriage licenses. But Mizrahi Jews are not permitted to enter into new polygamous marriages in Israel. In Egypt, feminists have fought for polygamy to be abolished, but it is viewed as a basic human right so the fight has been unsuccessful. [92] However, concubinage was supported by law until the end of the Qing/Ching dynasty of the imperial China (1911). Polygamy is a crime and punishable by a fine, imprisonment, or both, according to the law of the individual state and the circumstances of the offense. The following countries allow polygamy: Nigeria The Gambia Kuwait Iraq Jordan Syria Turkey There are a few reasons why a country might legalize polygamy. [citation needed], In 2000, the United Nations Human Rights Committee reported that polygamy violates the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), citing concerns that the lack of "equality of treatment with regard to the right to marry" meant that polygamy, restricted to polygyny in practice, violates the dignity of women and should be outlawed. Anyone who assists, celebrates, or is a part to a rite, ceremony, or contract that sanctions a polygamist relationship is also guilty of polygamy. [49] A 2019 study of 800 rural African ethnic groups published in the Journal of Conflict Resolution found that "young men who belong to polygynous groups feel that they are treated more unequally and are readier to use violence in comparison to those belonging to monogamous groups. [23][24], Accordingly, the U.S. government does not recognize bigamous marriages for immigration purposes (that is, would not allow one of the spouses to petition for immigration benefits for the other), even if they are legal in the country where the bigamous marriage was celebrated. The second wife must also agree, and the court will take into account things like the husbands financial position and his motivations for desiring a second wife. When it comes to marriage, an average Nigerian guy retains his Nigerian identity regardless of his level of westernization in terms of academic qualifications, exposure, and wardrobe, among other things. 2: Theological dictionary of the New Testament. Also see: Differences Between Being Smart and intelligent. Goody says, "The reasons behind polygyny are sexual and reproductive rather than economic and productive" (1973:189), arguing that men marry polygynously to maximize their fertility and to obtain large households containing many young dependent males. Your email address will not be published. In many of these cases, the task of felling trees in preparation of new plots, the fencing of fields against wild animals, and sometimes the planting of crops, is usually done by men and older boys (along with hunting, fishing and the raising of livestock). 178) in 1970. While polygamy is illegal in some countries, there are a number of countries where polygamy is legal.In the United States, polygamy is illegal. In the United States, polygamy was declared unlawful through the passing of Edmunds Anti-Polygamy Act of 1882.. Based on verse 30:21 of Quran the ideal relationship is the comfort that a couple find in each other's embrace: And one of His signs is that He created for you spouses from among yourselves so that you may find comfort in them. Harcourt, A. H.; Harvey, P. H.; Larson, S. G.; Short, R.V. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. 4. There is evidence of unregistered polygamous marriages in the UK, performed through religious ceremonies, that are not recognized under UK law. "Plural Marriage for Our Times: A Reinvented Option?" ", "Viking raiders were only trying to win their future wives' hearts", "New Viking Study Points to "Love and Marriage" as the Main Reason for their Raids", "The perils of polygamy: The link between polygamy and war", "Polygynous Neighbors, Excess Men, and Intergroup Conflict in Rural Africa", "Causes & Explanations of Suicide Terrorism: A Systematic Review", NPS Center for Homeland Defense and Security, "The Roles of Operational Sex Ratio and Young-Old Ratio in Producing Suicide Attackers", "The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism", "U.S. study draws portrait of Iraq bombers", American Association for the Advancement of Science, "The moral logic and growth of suicide terrorism", "The Negative Impact of Polygamy on Women and Children in Mormon and Islamic Cultures", "The impact of polygamy on women's mental health: a systematic review", "Polygyny, Partnership Concurrency, and HIV Transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa", "Why Two in One Flesh? Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues. [66] In addition to these two mechanisms, variation in HIV prevalence rates by union type is possibly due to individuals in polygynous unions are typically part of a sexual network with concurrent partnerships. Legality of polygamy in the United States - Wikipedia Updated: Nov 7th, 2022 Both polygamy and bigamy are illegal in every state, in spite of the fact that tens of thousands of people in North America are involved in multiple marriages. Also see: Advantages and Disadvantages of being a Lawyer. 3. According to an article on Politico, legalising polygamy is the most natural advance next step in countries where it is currently outlawed. [14] Drawing on the work of Ester Boserup, Goody notes that in some of the sparsely-populated regions where shifting cultivation takes place in Africa, much of the work is done by women. Boserup, Ester. One year later this edict of Aushev had been cancelled by the Supreme Court of Ingushetia because of contradiction with Family Code of Russia. "[141] There are small numbers of Roman Catholic theologians that claim polygyny can be an authentic form of marriage in certain regions such as Africa.[142]. The practice of resource polygyny continued with the spread and expansion of Islam in Africa and Southeast Asia. This trend appears linked with the advent of fundamentalist Wahhabism in the Balkans. "Testis weight, body weight and breeding system in primates". This practice was most commonly practiced amongst the elites of the Aztecs (pipiltin), whereas average members of the society (macehualtin) were more likely to keep to monogamous relationships. [70], Polygyny has been criticized by feminists such as Professor John O. Ifediora, who believes that women should be equal to men and not subject to them in marriage. [13][pageneeded], Anthropologist Jack Goody's comparative study of marriage around the world, using the Ethnographic Atlas, demonstrated a historical correlation between the practice of extensive shifting cultivation and polygyny in many Sub-Saharan African societies. Polygyny (/pldni/; from Neoclassical Greek (poluguna); from Ancient Greek (pol)'many', and (gun)'woman, wife')[1] is the most common and accepted form of polygamy around the world, entailing the marriage of a man with several women. As in Africa, polygamy continues to be practiced in parts of Asia, regardless of laws. For the duration of the marriage contract, a Muslim woman can now include a condition prohibiting her husband from marrying another woman. [1] However, breakaway Mormon fundamentalist groups living mostly in the western United States, Canada, and Mexico still practice plural marriage. [114] It is thought that present-day polygamy is much less common than it once was, in particularly compared with the time before the Occupation of Araucana (18611883) when Araucana lost its autonomy. Murdock GP (1981) Atlas of World Cultures. This way what might be illegal in one country might be perfectly normal in another. [16] In 1937, Nahua-Mexican evangelist, Margarito Bautista, presented himself among the Third Convention, advocating for the reinstatement of plural marriage. [114] Albeit chiefly rural, Mapuche polygamy has also been reported in the low-income peripheral communes of Santiago.[115]. The LDS Church's position on the practice of polygamy was reinforced by another formal statement in 1904 called the Second Manifesto, which again renounced polygamy.[34]. Africa Algeria [ 1] Cameroon [ 2] Chad [ 3] Central African Republic [ 4] Republic of the Congo [ 5] Djibouti [ 6] Egypt [ 7] Gabon: [ 8] Both men and women can join in polygamous marriage with the other gender under Gabonese law. The common terms referring to the second woman, and the act of having the second woman respectively, are (rni), literally "the second wife". Reports conducted in the country have shown that rural regions are more likely to have polygamous relationships than those in cities or coastal areas. In 2008, starting on April 4, Texas State officials took 436 women and children into temporary legal custody after Rozita Swinton, a 33-year-old woman living in Colorado Springs, Colorado, called both Texas Social Services and a local shelter claiming to be a 16-year-old girl. All of a mans wives are treated equally. Christians are typically (and expected to be) monogamous. Polygyny is legal in 58 out of nearly 200 sovereign states, the vast majority of them being Muslim-majority countries. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [148][149][150][151], Countries that allow polygyny typically also require a man to obtain permission from his previous wives before marrying another, and require the man to prove that he can financially support multiple wives. However they were considered legitimate, therefore had many more rights to inheritance of status and wealth than illegitimate children conceived outside a marriage. thesis, The king's behavior is condemned by Prophet Samuel in. In some cases, it is seen as a way to protect women and ensure that they are taken care of. Here, polygamy is routinely practiced and men can have more than one wife. In 2008, protests in Indonesia were held to criminalize polygamy and polygamous marriages, but there were no changes in the legislation. "[163] The incidence was limited, however, and it was likely largely restricted to the wealthy. They were also called qi/ in China and Korea. -Utah -Arkansas -Arizona -New Mexico In all other states, bigamy is a criminal offense. [93], Chinese men in Hong Kong could practice concubinage by virtue of the Qing Code. The autonomous regions of Somaliland and Puntland in northern Somalia also recognize polygamy, as does the country's Transitional Federal Government itself, since the country is governed by Sharia law. Hence marriage receives no religious sanction. An Introduction to Behavioral Ecology. In polygyny relationships in animals, the female is the one who provides most of the parental care for the offspring.[172]. (1991). Is polygamy illegal in South Korea? - Namhan South Korea [46] Polygyny may be practiced where there is a lower male:female ratio; this may result from male infants having increased mortality from infectious diseases. The Qur'an does not give preference in marrying more than one wife. It is also found in parts of Nepal,[151] despite its formal illegality in the country. An African Slave Trade Perspective", "Polygamy is rare around the world and mostly confined to a few regions", "LDS splinter groups growing | the Salt Lake Tribune", "Humanity Has More Mothers Than Fathers, DNA Reveals", "Causes of Polygyny: Ecology, Economy, Kinship, and Warfare", "Sexual Division of Labor in African Agriculture: A Network Autocorrelation Analysis", Polygynists and Their Wives in Sub-Saharan Africa: an Analysis of Five Demographic and Health Surveys, "L'amour for four: polygyny, polyamory, and the state's compelling economic interest in normative monogamy", "Vikings Might Have Started Raiding Because There Was a Shortage of Single Women", "The Real Reason for Viking Raids: Shortage of Eligible Women? : Polygamy is illegal under the Civil code passed in 2020, which replaced a similar 1950 and 1980 prohibition. An elderly cultivator, with several wives and likely several young male children, benefits from having a much larger workforce within his household. Acting on her calls, authorities raided the ranch in Eldorado, about 40 miles south of San Angelo. [75], A criticism against polygyny is that in almost all cultures and religious communities that practice it, polygyny is the only form of polygamy that is allowed; and, as such, this violates modern principles of equality between men and women, especially as in many such places females having multiple partners is violently punished through honor killings and stoning, or discouraged through female genital mutilation. And how does it work? Konbinispoke to a 22-year-old woman British woman who claimed to be a polyamorous relationship. Green was also convicted of child rape and criminal non-support.[49]. [20] Because state laws exist, polygamy is not actively prosecuted at the federal level,[21] but the practice is considered "against public policy". This way in the countries where the is polygamy illegal there are a certain number of people that are practicing serial monogamy. Hong Kong: Polygamy ended with the passing of the Marriage Act of 1971 when the country was a crown . All polygynous marriages entered into in accordance with the provisions of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act are legal. Should Polygamy Be Permitted in the United States? [22], Utah reduced polygamy from a third-degree felony to a minor infraction on May 13, 2020. Send Us A Press Statement/News Tips on 9ja Happenings:[emailprotected]. Although far less popular there, it is nonetheless also legal in Nigeria's east and south. [64] Followers of traditional African religions are expected to have as many wives as they can afford. The government takes a strict stance on polygamy and actively enforces anti . ("Ego sane fateor, me non posse prohibere, si quis plures velit uxores ducere, nec repugnat sacris literis. [42][43] The Annals of Ulster states that in 821 the Vikings plundered an Irish village and "carried off a great number of women into captivity". Surely in this are signs for people who reflect. Most Christian theologians argue that in Matthew 19:39 and referring to Genesis 2:24,[131] Jesus explicitly states a man should have only one wife: Have ye not read, that he which made them at the beginning made them male and female, And said, For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife: and they twain shall be one flesh? Of the 1,231 societies listed in the 1980 Ethnographic Atlas, 186 were found to be monogamous; 453 had occasional polygyny; 588 had more frequent polygyny; and 4 had polyandry. The FLDS Church is estimated to have 10,000 members residing in the sister cities of Hildale, Utah and Colorado City, Arizona; Eldorado, Texas; Westcliffe, Colorado; Mancos, Colorado; Creston and Bountiful, British Columbia; Pringle, South Dakota and Montana. A harem (also known as a forbidden area) was a special part of the house for the wives. Polygamy is often confused with polyamory, which is a more acceptable and legal way to be in a relationship with multiple partners in the world today. The legal status of polygamy varies widely around the world. Afghanistan: The Quran allows for men to have up to four wives in Afghanistan. Other explanations postulate that polygyny is a tool used to ward off inclinations towards infidelity. There is no legal recognition for extra spouses after the first in places like these, where polygamy is prohibited yet tolerated. Zhang Zongchang, a well-known warlord, notably declared he had three 'unknowns' unknown number of rifles, unknown amount of money, and unknown number of concubines. Some countries that permit polygamy have restrictions, such as requiring the first wife to give her consent. The rest of the sovereign states do not recognize polygamous marriages. [113], Polygyny has a long history among the Mapuche people of southern South America. Polygamy is still practiced in several regions and jurisdictions. The legality of polygamy in the United States is that the practice is a crime and punishable by a fine, imprisonment, or both, according to the law of the individual state and the circumstances of the offense.
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