ghaggar is tributary of which river

(2012) and Khonde et al. This suggests that the Yamuna itself, or a channel of the Yamuna, along with a channel of the Sutlej may have flowed west some time between 47,000 BCE and 10,000 BCE. [13] The Ghaghara is the furthest upstream in the dolphin range. (2021) "the Saraswati River used to flow from the glaciated peaks of the Himalaya to the Arabian sea," and an "enormous amount of water was flowing through this channel network until BC 11,147. 1 = ancient river 2 = today's river 3 = today's Thar desert Tributaries left Kaushalya river right Markanda river, Sarsuti, Tangri river, Chautang Waterbodies : Kaushalya Dam, Ottu barrage The Ghaggar-Hakra River is an intermittent river in India and Pakistan that flows only during the monsoon season. All these geomorphic features are depositional in nature and made up of alluvium of different ages. While the Indus remained an active river, the Ghaggar-Hakra dried-up, leaving many sites undisturbed. Sanskrit sras- means lake, pond (cf. Age Certificate for Pension. in Haryana, is a tributary of the Ghaggar. Detailed Solution Download Solution PDF The correct answer is Sahibi. Answer: Another name for the Ghaggar river is the Ghagghar river or the Ghaggar-Hakra river. [6][65][66] The belief of Sarasvati joining at the confluence of the Ganges and Yamuna originates from the Puranic scriptures and denotes the "powerful legacy" the Vedic river left after her disappearance. The correct answer is option 2 i.e Kaushalya. The evolution of the river goddess into the goddess of knowledge started with later Brahmanas, which identified her as Vgdev, the goddess of speech, perhaps due to the centrality of speech in the Vedic cult and the development of the cult on the banks of the river. Sarayu river is stated to be synonymous with the modern Ghaghara river or as a tributary of it. Tributaries of Giri : 1. Question 3. Saraswati )", "Saraswati River in northern India (Haryana) and its role in populating the Harappan civilization sitesA study based on remote sensing, sedimentology, and strata chronology", "Is River Ghaggar, Saraswati? Rivers of Haryana Ghaggar: The tributaries of the Ghaggar river are Sarsuti, Chautang, Tangari, Kaushalya, Markanda and Saraswati. He also suggests that in the post-Vedic and Puranic tradition the "disappearance" of Sarasvati, which to refers to "[going] under [the] ground in the sands", was created as a complementary myth to explain the visible non-existence of the river. Dagshai village, Shivalik Hills. [39] It is mentioned in thirteen hymns of the late books (1 and 10) of the Rigveda. [26][27][28] For example, Danino notes that his proposed dating of the Vedas to the third millennium BCE coincides with the mature phase of the Indus Valley civilisation,[121] and that it is "tempting" to equate the Indus Valley and Vedic cultures. 1893. Teesta river is a tributary of the Brahmaputra (known as Jamuna in Bangladesh ), flowing through India and Bangladesh. Dangri - Wikipedia Dangri Coordinates: 3013N 7643E The Tangri River, also called the Dangri River, which originates in the Shivalik Hills, is a tributary of the Ghaggar River in the Haryana state of India. The early Rigvedic Sarasvati, which he calls Naditama Sarasvati, is described in suktas 2.41, 7.36, etc. [60] According to the Vamana Purana 32.1-4, the Sarasvati rose from the Plaksa tree (Pipal tree). The Ghaggar river originates from the Siwalik Hills of Himachal Pradesh (about 6300 feet above sea level), and flows through Punjab, Haryana and then into Rajasthan. It originates in the Himalayas near Chunthang, Sikkim and flows to the south through West Bengal before entering Bangladesh. paleochannel of the Indus River. Ghaggar River: Choked by Sewage and Industrial Effluents Painted Grey Ware sites (ca. The Ghaghara river rises in the northern slopes of the Himalayas in Tibet, in the glaciers of Mapchachungo, at an elevation of about 3,962 metres (12,999ft) above sea level. Teesta River - Drishti IAS - In the Manusmriti, Brahmavarta is portrayed as the "pure" centre of Vedic culture. Jalal 8. and Merh, S.S. (editors): Vedic Saraswati 1999. All living organisms depend on rivers for livelihood. The Ghaggar river has two basins, namely Bangar and Khadar. It travels a distance of about 250 kilometres (160mi) and joins Ghaghara near Guthani, Siwan district of Bihar. Rigvedic and later Vedic texts have been used to propose identification with present-day rivers, or ancient riverbeds. The Karnali River supports the last potentially viable population of the Ganges river dolphin in Nepal. [11], While there is general agreement that the river courses in the Indus Basin have frequently changed course, the exact sequence of these changes and their dating have been problematic. Note to admins: In case of doubt, remove this template and post a message asking for review at WT:CP. Kaushalya river is a left bank tributary of Ghaggar River. ", Witzel: "If the RV is to be located in the Panjab, and supposedly to be dated well before the supposed 1900 BCE drying up of the Sarasvat, at 4000-5000BCE (Kak 1994, Misra 1992), the text should not contain evidence of the domesticated horse (not found in the subcontinent before c.1700BCE, see Meadow 1997,1998, Anreiter 1998: 675 sqq. [128] According to archaeologist Shereen Ratnagar, many Ghaggar-Hakra sites in India are actually those of local cultures; some sites display contact with Harappan civilization, but only a few are fully developed Harappan ones. It eventually dries up in the Great Indian (Thar) Desert. [1][2] For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for Dangri . It is still connected to this paleochannel of the Sutlej, and possibly the Yamuna, which ended in . 1 Answer 0 votes answered Jun 25, 2018 by shabnam praween (138k points) selected Jul 1, 2018 by Vikash Kumar Best answer (a) Indira Gandhi Canal originated from Harike barrage at Sultanpur on Sutlej but Ghaggar is a tributary of river Saraswati, which ends in the Thar desert. 10,000 years ago. This matches the Rigvedic description of the Sarasvati flowing to the samudra, which according to him at that time meant 'confluence', 'lake', 'heavenly lake', 'ocean'; the current meaning of 'terrestrial ocean' was not even felt in the Pali Canon. [5], Chhoti Gandak is a groundwater-fed meandering river originating near Dhesopool, Maharajganj district of Uttar Pradesh. It travels a distance of about 250 kilometres (160 mi) and joins Ghaghara near Guthani, Siwan district of Bihar. When the Vedic people moved east into Punjab, they named the new rivers they encountered after the old rivers they knew from Helmand, and the Vinasana Sarasvati may correspond with the Ghaggar-Hakra river. Which one is not a tributary of River Ganga? - Toppr In the Latyayana Srautasutra (10.15-19) the Sarasvati seems to be a perennial river up to the Vinasana, which is west of its confluence with the Drshadvati (Chautang). However, Mukherjee believes that "Sarasvati" is initially used by the Rigvedic people as an adjective to the Indus as a large river and later evolved into a "noun". [11] This in particular effected the Ghaggar-Hakra system, which became an intermittent river and was largely abandoned. Markanda River (Haryana) Set 2 is helpful for students of Classes 6, 7 and 8. The Markanda river, the Sarsuti river, the Tangri river, and the Chautang river are the tributaries at the right of the Ghaggar-Harka river. [69][43][26][27] A second popular theory associates the river with the Helmand river or an ancient river in the present Helmand Valley in Afghanistan. Note to the nominator: Make sure the page has already been reverted to a non-infringing revision or that infringing text has been removed or replaced before submitting this request. In the latter half of the 19th century when the railways came into existence, the significance of waterways as inland trade routes declined, as the railways were faster and safer. [24][70], Others consider Sarasvati a mythical river, an allegory not a "thing". [88] Likewise, Dave et al. Potential sources for this river include the Yamuna River, the Sutlej River, or both rivers. The dried-up, seasonal Ghaggar River in Rajasthan and Haryana reflects the same geographical view described in the Mahabharata. Pabbar 4. [59] The text regards Sarasvati as a form of Brahma's consort Brahmi. However, the river dries up, as it crosses the Bahawalpur district of Pakistan. Demkina et al. "[111] According to Valdiya, "it is plausible to conclude that once upon a time the Ghagghar was known as "Sarsut"," which is "a corruption of "Sarasvati"," because "at Sirs on the bank of the Ghagghar stands a fortress called "Sarsut". Dangri [3][4] In pre-Harappan times the Ghaggar was a tributary of the Sutlej. Archaeology, Politics, and Hindu Nationalism in India from the End of the Twentieth Century to the Present", "Early city-states in south Asia: Comparing the Harappan phase and the Early Historic period", "Geomorphological Constraints on the Ghaggar River Regime During the Mature Harappan Period", "Possible contribution of River Saraswati in groundwater aquifer system in western Rajasthan, India", "Glaciological and Geological Source of Vedic Saraswati in the Himalayas", "Saraswati The ancient river lost in the desert", "The River Saraswati was a Himalayan-born river", "Autochthonous Aryans? Furthermore, the early references to the Sarasvati could be the Haraxvati plain in Afghanistan. 3.82.111; 3.130.3; 6.7.47; 6.37.1-4., 9.34.81; 9.37.1-2, Studies in Proto-Indo-Mediterranean culture, Volume 2, page 398, D.S. The mighty Ghaggar river proves that nature does not hold prejudice against race, caste, or nationalism. by Tripathi, Bock, Rajamani, Eir, Saraswati the ancient river lost in the desert by A. V. Sankaran, Saraswati: The River That Never Was, Flowing Always in the People's Hearts, " () (Regional River Basin: Saraswati Basin)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarasvati_River&oldid=1163011755, Sarsuti is the present-day name of a river originating in a submontane region (, Sarasvati is the name of a river originating in the. The river is known as Ghaggar before the Ottu barrage, and as Hakra downstream of the barrage in the Thar Desert. TheGhaggar river supported life to the Harappan civilization, which depended on it for farming and other purposes. [citation needed], Though Sarasvati initially emerged as a river goddess in the Vedic scriptures, in later Hinduism of the Puranas, she was rarely associated with the river. Ghaggar-Hakra River Dhaulagiri II, elevation 7,751 metres (25,430ft), is the highest point of the entire basin. Bonn 1986, Samudra, XXIII Deutscher Orientalistentag Wrzburg, ZDMG Suppl. 6 Disapproval Letter Samples | Format, Examples and How To Write? The Sarasvati by this time had become a mythical "disappeared" river, and the name was transferred to the Ghaggar which disappeared in the desert. Panjnad River is formed by successive confluence of the five rivers of Punjab, namely Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej. Ghaggar: Major Rivers of India The action you just performed triggered the security solution. This river is also supplemented by many tributaries, which flow from the Aravali Range. The present Ghaggar-Hakra valley and its tributary rivers are currently dry or have seasonal flows. 1) Ghaggar is a river that flows in the northern part of India as well as in Pakistan. Archaeologists believe that the Ghaggar river is an older version of the Saraswati River. The feeder channel taking off from the Lower Sarda Barrage is 258.8 kilometres (160.8mi) long, feeds the five branches of Dariyabad, Barabani, Haideganj, RaeBareil and Purva, and is designed to carry a discharge of 765 cubic metres per second (27,000cuft/s). As incessant rain lashed most parts of Punjab, the Ghaggar river is now learnt to be overflowing, with water flowing at 2.5 feet above the danger mark. [93] Localized Late IVC-settlements are found eastwards, toward the more humid regions of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, where the decentralised late Harappan phase took place. It is bordered in the south by the Babai River, and to the west by the Girwa River, a tributary of the Karnali. Oldham[107] and Jane Macintosh. ), of the horse-drawn chariot (developed only about 2000BCE in S. Russia, Anthony and Vinogradov 1995, or Mesopotamia), of well developed copper/bronze technology, etc. Wilke and Moebus note that the "historical river" Sarasvati was a "topographically tangible mythogeme", which was already reduced to a "small, sorry trickle in the desert", by the time of composition of the Hindu epics. This template is reserved for obvious cases only, for other cases refer to Wikipedia:Copyright problems. 1000 BCE) have been found in the bed and not on the banks of the Ghaggar-Hakra river, suggesting that the river had dried up before this period. (2017) show that the paleochannel of the Ghaggar-Hakra is a former course of the Sutlej, which diverted to its present course between 15,000 and 8,000 years ago, well before the development of the Harappan Civilisation. All other conditions of navigable channel such as the width and current of flow etc. In the past the Karnali River was considered to be attractive for the development of navigation right from the IndoNepal border to the confluence of this river and the Ganges. [114] However unlike the Rigvedic Sarasvati, Helmand river never attained the status of a deity despite the praises in the Avesta. A high dam has been planned for some time just upstream of the dolphins' current (or at least recent) range in the Karnali River, Nepal. This region is now connected by karnali highway and now due to various hydro electricity projects this area is being developed. The dry Rajasthan receives water from the Ghaggar river at the Sirsa district. Two theories are popular in the attempts to identify the Sarasvati. (2017) confirm that the Great Rann of Kutch received sediments from a different source than the Indus, but this source stopped supplying sediments after ca. The belief is interpreted as "symbolic". It rises as the Karnali River (Chinese: Kongque He) in the high Himalayas of southern Tibet Autonomous Region, China, and flows southeast through Nepal. In this long journey, the Saraswati is believed to have had three tributaries, Shatadru (Sutlej) originating from Mount Kailas, Drishadvati from Siwalik Hills and the old Yamuna. Cities. The Karnali provides the upper range for the Gangetic river dolphin (Platanista gangetica), the largest freshwater mammals found on the Indian subcontinent. . Longest River in India: Ganges, Brahmaputra or Indus? [h][i], Michel Danino places the composition of the Vedas therefor in the third millennium BCE, a millennium earlier than the conventional dates. Asni 10. Originally, the river continued southward to empty directly into the Padma River (main channel of . Sarasvati River - Wikipedia Sarasvati River Vedic and present-day Gagghar-Hakra river-course, with Aryavarta / Kuru Kingdom, and (pre-)Harappan Hakkra/Sutlej-Yamuna paleochannels as proposed by Clift et al. [67] The three rivers Sarasvati, Yamuna, Ganga are considered consorts of the Hindu Trinity (Trimurti) Brahma, Vishnu (as Krishna) and Shiva respectively. [54] MB.3.81.115 locates the state of Kurupradesh or Kuru Kingdom to the south of the Sarasvati and north of the Drishadvati. After the Vedic Sarasvati dried, new myths about the rivers arose. The Central Water and Power Commission of the Government of India had carried out hydrographical survey of the Karnali River from the Bahramghat to the confluence of this river and the Ganges a distance of 446 kilometres (277mi). Mukherjee notes that many historians and archaeologists, both Indian and foreign, concluded that the word "Sarasvati" (literally "being full of water") is not a noun, a specific "thing". It is called the Hakra river after the Ottu barrage. Prasad, "we [] find a considerable body of opinions [sic] among the scholars, archaeologists and geologists, who hold that the Sarasvati originated in the Shivalik hills [] and descended through Adi Badri, situated in the foothills of the Shivaliks, to the plains [] and finally debouched herself into the Arabian sea at the Rann of Kutch. [24][22][g] The Sarasvati of the Rigveda may also refer to two distinct rivers, with the family books referring to the Helmand River, and the more recent 10th mandala referring to the Ghaggar-Hakra. Tons 3. With the exception of eastern parts of Bengal where abundance of water in the natural network of channels sustained and continued to provide a suitable mode of transport of goods and people, the railways had almost entirely replaced the waterways as communication lines throughout the country by the end of the 19th century. The Harappan civilization is also said to recognize the perennial Ghaggar river. The Sarda Sahayak feeder channel meets the Haidergarh branch at 171 kilometres (106mi) and Raibareli branch at 187 kilometres (116mi). Keith and Macdonell. were also found to be very favourable. and Merh, S.S. (editors): Vedic Saraswati: Evolutionary History of a Lost River of Northwestern India (1999) Geological Society of India (Memoir 42), Bangalore. [11][f][13][12][14], Identification of a mighty physical Rigvedic Sarasvati with the Ghaggar-Hakra system is therefore problematic, since the Gagghar-Hakra had dried up well before the time of the composition of the Rigveda. The Kaushalya Dam in Haryana near Pinjore is only for the purpose of drinking water. Important towns in India include Akabarpur, Ayodhya, Bahraich, Barabanki, Basti, Deoria, Barhalganj, Gonda, Gorakhpur, Sitapur, Siddharthnagar, Saint Kabir Nagar, Kamhariya, Rajesultanpur and Tanda in Uttar Pradesh and Chapra, Siwan, and Sonepur in Bihar. DSIR Certificate | Eligibility Criteria, Application Form and Process of Being Certified, Georgia Resale Certificate How To Get and Application Form, Caffeine Informative Speech | Informative Speech on Coffee, Advantages and Disadvantages of Caffeine, Age Certificate | Online, Format, How to Get Age Certificate? and Merh, S.S. (editors): Vedic Saraswati, 1999, p.35-44, compare also with Yajurveda 34.11, D.S. [135], The government constituted Saraswati Heritage Development Board (SHDB) had conducted a trial run on 30 July 2016 filling the river bed with 100 cusecs of water which was pumped into a dug-up channel from tubewells at Uncha Chandna village in Yamunanagar. Question 2. There were ancient kingdoms too (the era of the Mahajanapads) that lay in parts of north Rajasthan and that were named on the Sarasvati River. The Drshadvati is described as a seasonal stream (10.17), meaning it was not from Himalayas. p. 24. This survey was done in the years 194353 to explore the possibility of improvement and extension of navigation on this river by powered crafts. Click to reveal The Yamuna tributary is the longest and also second largest tributary river of Ganges in north India. [93][f][r], The same widespread aridification in the third millennium BCE also led to water shortages and ecological changes in the Eurasian steppes,[web 2][96] leading to a change of vegetation, triggering "higher mobility and transition to nomadic cattle breeding,"[96][s][97][t] These migrations eventually resulted in the Indo-Aryan migrations into South Asia. The Ghaggar river is called a perennial river because it holds importance even in the ancient Vedas. Oldham, R.D. Ghaggar river, which causes maximum damage in Patiala, Sangrur and Mansa districts does not have a heavy duty Dam. Identifying the Naditama . At that time, there were also plans to build three dams on the river route to keep it flowing perennially. Geochemical constraints", "A Survey of Ancient Sites along the "Lost" Sarasvati River", "Proceedings of the second international symposium on the management of large rivers for fisheries: Volume II", "Press Information Bureau English Releases", "Government-constituted expert committee finds Saraswati river did exist", "Special Report: Battling for India's soul, state by state", "Hunt for mythical Saraswati river a test of history and science - india news - Hindustan Times", "Saraswati Nadi in Haryana and its linkage with the Vedic Saraswati River Integrated study based on satellite images and ground based information", "Haryana to launch revival of Saraswati river, to construct dam, barrage & reservoir at Adi Badri", "On the existence of a perennial river in the Harappan heartland", "U-Pb zircon dating evidence for a Pleistocene Sarasvati River and capture of the Yamuna River", "Paleoecological crisis in the steppes of the Lower Volga region in the Middle of the Bronze Age (IIIII centuries BC)", "Creating Suitable Evidence of the Past? Originated from Shivalik Hills, Himachal Pradesh. Chauhan in Radhakrishna, B.P. [24], The identification with the Ghaggar-Hakra system took on new significance in the early 21st century,[25] with some Hindutva apologists suggesting an earlier dating of the Rigveda; renaming the Indus Valley Civilisation as the "Sarasvati culture", the "Sarasvati Civilization", the "Indus-Sarasvati Civilization" or the "Sindhu-Sarasvati Civilization,"[26][27][28] suggesting that the Indus Valley and Vedic cultures can be equated;[29] and rejecting the Indo-Aryan migrations theory, which postulates an extended period of migrations of Indo-European speaking people into the Indian subcontinent between ca. The identification with the Ghaggar is problematic, as the Sarasvati is said to cut its way through high mountains, which is not the landscape of the Ghaggar. Several scholars have identified the river with the present-day Ghaggar-Hakra River or dried up part of it, which is located in Northwestern India and Pakistan. During the monsoon months, Himalayas receive very heavy rainfall and rivers . It is known as a perennial river because traces of the rivers were found during 2500 BC. 10 Lines on Ghaggar River:Rivers are the source of life. The other tributaries that fall into Ghaggar, namely Tangri and Marksnda do not have any dams. Another tributary, the 264-kilometre (164mi) long Bheri, rises in the western part of Dhaulagiri Himalaya and drains the eastern part of the catchment, meeting the Karnali near Kuineghat in Surkhet.[3]. Other important protected areas and their biological and religious significance are a) Khaptad NP at 2.25 square kilometres (0.87sqmi), Dhorpatan HR at 13.25 square kilometres (5.12sqmi), and WR (1976) at Kanchanpur at 3.05 square kilometres (1.18sqmi) in the Terai Sal.[14]. . The Ottu barrage is built on the Ghaggar river, which has renamed it as the Ghaggar-Hakra river. Last updated on 12 April 2021 06:26:31. Chhoti Gandak is a groundwater-fed meandering river originating near Dhesopool, Maharajganj district of Uttar Pradesh. Question 1. [44] It is also possible to postulate two originally independent goddesses that were fused into one in later Vedic times. Ghaggar - Hakra River The Ghaggar rises in the Siwalik (Shiwalik) Range, in northwestern Himachal Pradesh state and flows about 200 miles (320 km) southwest through Haryana state, where it receives the Saraswati River. There are no large settlements on the banks of the river, which is only crossed near Chisapani by the Mahendra Highway. [Solved] Tangri river is the tributary of
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