how many civilians died in ww2

February 11, 2021 - 2,981 likes, 20 comments - WW2 Photos/Videos (@fuehrer_of_photography) on Instagram: ""A US C-46 aircraft of the 5th Air Force is conducting an aerial evacuation of wounded American." Some 75 million people died in World War II, including about 20 million military personnel and 40 million civilians, many of whom died because of deliberate genocide, massacres, mass-bombings, disease, and starvation. World War II losses of the Soviet Union were about 27,000,000, both civilian and military from all war-related causes,[1] although exact figures are disputed. Known asOperation Barbarossa, this campaign saw the German army split into three main groups. In total, between 350,000 to 500,000 Germans were killed by Allied aerial bombing. The day after the assault, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan. Three days later, Japans allies Germany and Italy declared war against the United States. Axis forces employed biological and chemical weapons. World War II (WWII) was fought during 1939-1945 in all corners of the globe by the Axis powers (Germany, Japan, Italy, and some smaller states) against the Allies (United States, United Kingdom, Free French, Nationalist China, the Soviet Union, and other allies). Estimates for the population of the territories annexed from 1939 to 1945 range from 17 to 23million persons. A table that details estimated deaths by country is available here. The latter resulted in the destruction of more than 160 cities and the death of more than 600,000 German civilians. Meanwhile, a former US military leader says he doesn't think . During the Soviet era the partisan campaign behind the lines was portrayed as the struggle of the local population against the German occupation. By December 1942, about 1.2 million Soviet Jews had been killed. By the 1940s, battleships were no longer the most important naval vessel: Aircraft carriers were, and as it happened, all of the Pacific Fleets carriers were away from the base on December 7. The causes of this event are heavily debated. In addition to the war dead there were 622,000 persons who remained abroad after the war. Many civilians died because of deliberate genocide, massacres, mass-bombings, disease, and starvation. [133] In 1991, the Russian scholar A.A. Shevyakov published an article with summary of civilian losses based on his analysis of the archival records of the Soviet Extraordinary State Commission, civilian dead were given as 17.7million. Krivosheev's analysis shows that 4,559,000 were reported missing (including 3,396,400 per field reports and an additional 1,162,600 estimated based on German documents), out of which 500,000 were missing and presumed dead, 939,700 were re-conscripted during the war as territories were liberated, 1,836,000 returned to the U.S.S.R. after the war, while the balance of 1,283,300 died in German captivity as POWs or did not return to the USSR. 3549The excess deaths of 5,358,000 males compared to females was due primarily to military losses. )", "Nazi Persecution of Soviet Prisoners of War", Heikki Ylikankaan selvitys Valtioneuvoston kanslialle, " ", "Counting the Soviet Union's War Dead: Still 2627 Million", " ", " , 19411945; . The Krivosheev study listed 8,668,400 irreplaceable losses (from listed strength): 5,226,800 killed in action, 1,102,800 died of wounds in field hospitals, 555,500 non combat deaths, POW deaths and missing were 4,559,000. All this resulted in a stalemate that was only broken by the American entry into World War Two and communist guerillas, led byMao Zedong, fighting in the countryside. [72] In addition to the German-held POW Romania captured 82,090 Soviet POWs, 5,221 died, 3,331 escaped, and 13,682 were released [73] Finland captured 64,188 Soviet POWs, at least 18,318 were documented to have died in Finnish prisoner of war camps. Germany and the Soviet Union invadedPolandin September 1939. 7,000,000 Number of Americans lost if 2.5% of the American population died in a war today. They demanded that the Russian government reinvestigate the matter. [20] Filimoshin estimated that civilian forced laborer deaths in Germany totaled 2.1million. In Asia and the Pacific, between 3 million and more than 10 million civilians, mostly Chinese (estimated at 7.5 million), were killed by the Japanese occupation forces. Deductions were 939,700 who "were encircled or missing in action in occupied areas who were reconscripted once areas liberated" and 1,836,000 POWs returned from captivity. Nazi Germany, as part of a deliberate program of extermination, systematically killed over 11 million people including 6 million Jews. The US Library of Congress estimates that in Java, between 4 and 10 million rmusha (Japanese: manual laborers), were forced to work by the Japanese military. Those totals do not include the more than 14 million Soviet soldiers who were wounded during the war. Here is a listing of estimates by recognized scholars published in the West. 1978) pp.244249, Letter to editor by A.N. S. A. Il'Enkov, an official at the Russian Military Archives, maintained that the "complex military situation at the front did not always allow for the conduct of a full accounting of losses, especially in the first years of the war" He pointed out that in the reports from the field units did not include deaths in rear area hospitals of wounded personnel. Following a clash at the Marco Polo Bridge in July 1937,Japanthen launched a full-scale invasion of the rest of the country. However, this calculation never resolved the figure raised by Audenauer. Allied colonies also suffered immense losses. Updated: December 6, 2022 | Original: October 29, 2009. .: , 1990, . If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. According to Ivlev. Mikhalev excludes Construction troops whose casualties were not included in the field reports. From 1989 to 1996 he was an associate of the Institute of Military History of the Ministry of Defence. Convicts and deserters listed in the Krivosheev study. There Are No Civilians in Japan. On June 22, 1941,Germanyinvaded the Soviet Union. Also 688,772[131] Soviet citizens who remained in western countries after the war were included with the war losses. Next, torpedoes pierced the shell of the battleship USS Oklahoma. Kiriosheev does not include the balance of 1,222,000 with the war dead. The deaths of 2,663,000 women is an indication that they were involved in the partisan war and became victims of Nazi reprisals. They had heard the "whump a whump" of distant aerial bombings many times before. The bulk of the Soviet combat units were deployed in the border regions in a lower state of readiness. Ultimately, by the end of the war, India had suffered over two million fatalities. Witness the sinking of the German cruise liner MV Wilhelm Gustloff after the Soviet attack in the Baltic Sea See all videos for this article Civilian deaths from land battles, aerial bombardment, political and racial executions, war-induced disease and famine, and the sinking of ships probably exceeded battle casualties. Over the course of the war, 880,000 British forces died, 6% of the adult male population and 12.5% of those serving. Dyadkin was imprisoned for publishing this study in the west.[140]. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set In 2017, the Russian historian Igor Ivlev put Soviet war dead at 42million people (19.4million military and 22.6million civilians). HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. Most of the dead were German, many of them SS. The Japanese had wanted to goad the United States into an agreement to lift the economic sanctions against them; instead, they had pushed their adversary into a global conflict that ultimately resulted in Japans first occupation by a foreign power. A quarter of the people in the Soviet Union were wounded or killed. Yesterday, December 7, 1941a date which will live in infamythe United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan., He went on to say, No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. [123][pageneeded] German occupation policies implemented under the Hunger Plan resulted in the confiscation of food stocks which resulted in famine in the occupied regions. For instance, in July 1943, the Allies launched a strategic bombing campaign over the northern city of Hamburg, resulting in 37,000 civilians being killed and nearly 200,000 being injured. Allied military planners faced a bitter truth as they planned for a possible invasion of Japan: there were no distinctions between soldiers and civilians. Nearly 50,000 Russian soldiers have died in the war in Ukraine, according to a new statistical analysis. [105], (A) The Ukrainian authorities and historians ardently dispute these figures. (Some had returned to the mainland and others were delivering planes to troops on Midway and Wake Islands.). To the Japanese, Pearl Harbor was an irresistibly easy target. 2013-11-17 14:41:47. Even in aggressor countries like Germany and Japan, the populations suffered immensely. [111], (G) Georgians also estimate their military casualties at over 300,000. Estimates assert that his policies resulted in between 100,000 to 400,000 Jewish deaths. Official records listed 101.7million registered voters and 94.0million actual voters, 7.7million less than the expected figure. Military analysts say in five weeks Ukrainian forces have liberated nearly the same amount of territory Russia captured in six months. Of the total number of deaths in World War II, approximately 85 percent were on the Allied side and 15 percent were on the Axis side, with many of these deaths caused by war crimes committed by German and Japanese forces in occupied territories. More than two years after the start of World War II, the United States had entered the conflict. In a May 1990 speech, Gorbachev gave the figure for total Soviet losses at "almost 27 million". How many people died during World War II? | Britannica Importantly, the Japanese were not solely responsible for the horrors of the war, as when French troops retook the colony in September 1945, there were countless reports of them robbing, raping, and killing Vietnamese civilians. Moreover, throughout the entire war, four million Japanese civilians and soldiers were injured, and about two to three million were killed. Dry docks and airfields were likewise destroyed. Throughout the entire conflict, French Indochina experienced 1.25 million deaths. The names of Soviet war dead are presented at the OBD (Central Data Bank) Memorial database online. He maintained that the official figures could not be reconciled to the total men drafted and that POW deaths were understated. This represents the most military deaths of any nation by a large margin. I believe I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make very certain that this form of treachery shall never endanger us again.. His estimate was 25 million deaths of those persons alive at the beginning of the war and an additional wartime loss of 20,000,000 children under age 5 due to a decline in births and an increase infant mortality, thus bringing the total to 45,000,000, Michael Haynes, Counting Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: a Note Europe-Asia Studies Vol.55, No. [3] These losses are a demographic estimate rather than an exact accounting. After the Pearl Harbor attack, and for the first time during years of discussion and debate, the American people were united in their determination to go to war. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 1000+ markets in 190+ countries & territories, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 39,000+ online stores and marketplaces. This attack was particularly controversial since Dresden had little strategic significance and contained few military targets. In addition to Nazi concentration camps, the Soviet gulags (labor camps) led to the death of citizens of occupied countries such as Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, as well as German prisoners of war (POWs) and Soviet citizens who were thought to be Nazi supporters. Non-Jewish Victims of the Holocaust - Jewish Virtual Library Kiev, 23 June 1941 A victim of starvation in besieged Leningrad suffering from muscle atrophy in 1941 World War II losses of the Soviet Union were about 27,000,000, both civilian and military from all war-related causes, [1] although exact figures are disputed. [38][7] In the spring of 1941 Stalin ignored the warnings of his intelligence services of a planned German invasion and refused to put the Armed forces on alert. That said, because both China and the Soviet Union were wracked by famine and disease during the war, some experts believe the countries' civilian casualty numbers may be significantly underestimated. All of these assaults saw enormous levels of death and destruction.
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