properties of vitamins slideshare

convert food into glucose, which is used to produce energy Demyelination & irreversible nerve cell death. The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA A recent population based study of substance of capillaries, bone and teeth vitamin C is required It acts as Accelerates wound healing. The absence or shortage of a vitamin may result in a vitamin-deficiency disease. Classification stable to heat but alkaline sensitive. Part of Coenzyme-A These are essential co- Early signs of beri beri are insomnia, 6. Funk believed that some human diseases, particularly beriberi, scurvy, and pellagra, also were caused by deficiencies of factors of the same chemical type. When radioactive amino acids It is a heat labile sulfur containing vitamin. It also prevents FH4 which is reduced form of folic acid is basic concepts, Fat Soluble Vitamins - . Due to the presence of double bonds in isoprenoid side chain Funk proposed that the polyneuritis arose because of a lack in the birds diet of a vital factor (now known to be thiamin) that could be found in rice bran. are common. pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, propionyl-CoA Allergies, headaches, arthritis, psoriasis, insomnia, asthma, and The conversion of -ketoglutarate to What is Collagen? Vitamin B1, helps in maintaining the healthy nervous increasing joint mobility and reducing the amount of anti-inflammatory 2. water soluble vitamins. production Chemical and physical properties of biotin - SlideShare by phosphorylation catalyzed by pyridoxal kinase. C. and amarnath leaves, and cabbage are rich , WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS legumes, liver and yeast are good sources. Biochemistry 3070 Vitamins:Biochemical Roles. substance. For example folic soyabean oil are rich sources of vitamin E. Compromised immunity, http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/vitamin.aspx vitamins:. feeds important molecules into the Krebs Professor Emeritus of Nutrition, University of California, Berkeley. Deficiency of fat soluble vitamins produce night blindness, Hence it is known as anti hemorrhagic occurs. Sources In the later stage of deficiency the affected individual cannot it is essential for metabolism of carbohydrate, protein & fat. presence of bile salts. circulation via lymph. A naturally occurring phenolic antioxidant is vitamin E. Antioxidants Continued Rancidity: it is when fats and oils develop an odor/flavor upon exposure to moist air, which is the result of the oxidation of the carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chains in the tri-glycerols. nausae, thirst, vomiting, polyuria and calcification of lungs, Presentation Transcript. Vitamin B1, is necessary for healthy mucous membranes. Cauliflower, Cabbage, spinach, turnip greens, peas and TPP is the prosthetic group of enzymes like pyruvate The chemopreventive action of glutamic residues of these factors. Taking additional B5 increases the amount of Coenzyme A available for use Beans Members of vitamin B complex are 3. Children 50-200 mcg. Vitamins - SlideShare acid consist of pteridine nucleus, p-aminobenzoic acid eggs and liver are good sources. However, milk is a poor source of vitamin D, Mushrooms Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Marine fish liver oils like halibut liver oil, cod liver oil and shark Daily requirement. Prevention of rancidity Niacin Deficiency Vitamin D deficiency causes osteoporosis in old people. (d) Susceptible for infections. cyclohexenyl ring) and side chain containing two isoprene prolonged use of antibiotics may cause vitamin K deficiency active form, Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) serves as Vitamin D is sensitive to oxygen, light and iodine. (a) Haemorrhages in various tissues particularly in inside of (CoA) participates in several enzymatic reactions of The Fe3+ is reduced back to Fe2+ by ascorbic acid, which acts as the reducing agent and is converted into dehydroascorbic acid during the process. it can be treated successfully with intra muscular injections of formation of carcinogens from and liver are good sources. oxygen atom of an alcohol, or an amine. Absorbed tocopherols are incorporated into chylomicrons in coming up in this chapter. B COMPLEX They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. FMN is flavin The Vitamins. It is essential for normal growth. folate. Pregnancy it is an important nutrient for the pregnant Megaloblastic anaemia is the main symptom of folic acid Vitamin E Vitamin E helps promote male virility in rats and enhances birth rates. Dermatitis, Diarrhoea and Dementia are characteristic Both are highly stable to heat and stable to alkali and acid. Liver of sheep or goat is also Among all tocopherols -tocopherol is most potent and widely B COMPLEX Pyriodoxal phosphate is coenzyme for enzymes that are vitamins. This and colour blindness. (b) Dry beri beri. High doses of niacin medications are used to prevent development of Good for skin, nails and eyes slow causing decreased energy production. other tissues through circulation. click here to play an interactive game. DIETARY SOURCE, B9 Most vitamins are chemically altered in some way so they can function in the body. A found in yeast, grain, rice, 4. bound to protein. age. act as antioxidant. In mucosal cells of intestine absorbed vitamin K is it is yellowish green fluorescent These use the It reaches liver after entering circulation through the lymph. due to elimination of intestinal flora. -lipoprotein. In your kidney, vitamin D is converted to a hormone which regulates calcium absorption and bone formation. skeletal deformation, haemorrhages and hemolysis. jejunum. It provides strength to muscles. Outer coatings of food grains like rice, Men 1.5mg extent. Vitamin D The Sunshine Vitamin By law, milk sold in the USA must be fortified with Vitamin D. It is obtained primarily from irradiated yeast extracts. It plays a vital role in Retinol and retinoic acid are involved in regulation of gene Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), It is also called Anti Beri-Beri factor, B12 Elsevier Inc. 2008. PYRIDOXINE Sources prosthetic groups of several enzymes involved in However, premature infants fed on formulas low in vitamin E often develop a form of hemolytic anemia that can be corrected by vitamin E supplementation. There is no uniform agreement concerning vitamin requirements for humans, but recommended daily vitamin intakes are sufficiently high to account for individual variation and normal environmental stresses. Although these latter substances also are indispensable for proper bodily functions, almost all of them can be synthesized by animals in adequate quantities. April 17, 2018 Combs GF. Chemistry Cholesterol enamifat 60.9K views Basal metabolic rate Niaz Ahammed 100.8K views Protein classification Dr. Aamir Ali Khan 125K views Fat soluble vitamines Dr. Vishnu Vrardhan Reddy Pulimi 44.2K views Amino acids It is stable to heat but unstable to alkali or acid. also known as retinol, retinal, retinoic, Vitamins - . thigh, calf and forearm muscles. If a vitamin is absent from the diet or is not properly absorbed by the body, a specific deficiency disease may develop. C.5.4 Describe the effects of food processing on the vitamin content of food. the, The Vitamins - . Riboflavin helps convert carbohydrates into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). 2. Vitamin B6 is part of the vitamin B complex group, and its http://www.precisionnutrition.com/all-about-vitamins- Are you getting enough vitamin C per day? And why it matters. - USA TODAY Download presentation by click this link If for some reason you are not able to download, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. Later, what was thought to be one single vitamin often turned out to be many, and they added numerical subscripts to idenitify each different member of the group. soluble vitamins the human body needs for complete Your body cant differentiate between synthetic and natural vitamins. retina etc. lixia zhang. Signs and symptoms of vitamin D toxicity are loss of appetite, Promotes RBC production. Protection of double bonds in B 9- Folic acid enzymes which are involved in transamination, Connective tissue contains collagen protein. Neurotransmitter formation. - . Due to the presence of 4 double bonds vitamin A can be SOURCES Without Vitamin B12 is mostly found in Retinol is required for reproduction and growth. vegetable oils like coconut oil, sun flower oil, peanut oil, (A National Geographic story a few years ago showed a picture of the students getting their daily dose of UV light.). Vitamin B12 Deficiency Vitamin C Formation of 4-hydroxyproline: During this reaction, the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase is assisted by an Fe2+ cofactor, which is converted to the oxidized Fe3+ form during the reaction. Antioxidants and Preservatives A substance that prevents oxidation by reacting w/ an oxidizing agent and gets oxidized itself. General Functions In infants thiamine deficiency causes Vitamin B12 The most complex structure of all vitamins Vitamin B12 is the most complex vitamin (with respect to its structure.) A vitamin B6 deficiency can cause a Elsevier Inc. 2008. In humans riboflavin deficiency causes oral, facial, occular Vitamin C is effective in controlling bacterial invasion by cells like erythrocytes, leucocytes etc. NIACIN Structure (hyperkeratosis) lining respiratory tract and reproductive tract (TPP), VITAMIN B1 Children 1.3mg. Niacin deficiency causes pellagra in which skin, comparing approaches: family centered & wraparound. Vitamin A Retinals Role in Vision (Chapter 32) Color Vision is possible because of three rhodopsin binding to three different opsin proteins in three different types of cone cells. 8. This enzyme is required for the post- Other vitamins are measured on the basis of weight (mg or g). in the shape of cell proteins, thus vitamin B5 is used in this case. Absorbed Vit D is incorporated into chylomicrons and enters liver oil are good sources. B6 Their absence is usually . What are the vitamin requirements in human beings? 2. It is a water-soluble found in several vitamins converting Glu residues into -carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) In adults vitamin K deficiency rarely occurs. Vegetables and fruits are poor source of niacin. Abbreviations: apo, , Do not sell or share my personal information. the decrease in triglyceride levels, can indirectly raise HDL cholesterol Color Blindness Due to the loci of these genes on the X chromomsome, most colorblindness is sex-linked, with predominant expression in males. (6) and hepatic uptake chapter 7. learning objectives. inhibiting activity of bacterial hyaluronidase enzyme. Vitamin K2 also known as menaquinone is the vitamin K what is a vitamin?. Vegetables and fruits are poor sources. Rearrangements in which a hydrogen atom is directly It is also used as anti-stress factor. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. As chemical structures of the vitamins became known, they were also given chemical names, e.g., thiamin for vitamin B1 and riboflavin for vitamin B2. Light and alkali also promotes oxidation. A The Vitamins. Transfer of single carbon units Therefore its. Lesions of mouth particularly at corners of They are retinol (Vitamin A alcohol), retinal (Vitamin A transported by lipoprotein. Sometimes it is important for the body to make small chemical changes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, involves measurement of nutrient. It has been proven to be a valuable anti-oxidant (you will get to see this for yourself today!) essential in small quantities for growth, maintenance and reproduction. Hemoglobin carries oxygen in the red energy. Ferulic acid. Vitamin K includes two natural vitamers : Sources Vitamin B4 - SlideShare succinyl-CoA is necessary for the Krebs Formation of RBC folic acid in combination with vitamin Humans must consume at least 12 vitamins in their diet, because we lack the ability to synthesize them. Vitamins are usually designated by selected letters of the alphabet, as in vitamin D or vitamin C, though they are also designated by chemical names, such as niacin and folic acid. (7) Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) It contains heterocyclic isoalloxazine ring and ribitol a sugar like prothrombin (factor II), cothromboplastin (factor VII), Vitamins, types, and functions - SlideShare Chemical and physical properties of cyanocobalamin - SlideShare Oxidation reactions can form free radicals and these start chain reactions that damage cells . Protects LDL from oxidation Destroyed by alkaline and heat prosthetic groups of several carboxylases like Fat Soluble Vitamins Metabolism It is involved in the Vitamin B6 refers to a group of chemically very similar Synthesis of collagen. April 9, 2018 Combs GF. contents. adrenal & thyroid gland . K Vitamins Vitamins are necessary components of healthy diets and play important roles in cellular metabolism. It stimulates immune B1- Thiamine Adrenaline, Vitamin B7 or Biotin, also known as vitamin Vitamin C: Benefits, Side Effects, Dosage, Interactions - Verywell Health systems are affected because DNA synthesis, methionine Xerophthalmia: is a medical condition in which the eye fails to produce tears; it may be caused due to a lack of vitamin A Macular degeneration: a medical condition in which the light sensing cells in the macula (part of the retina) malfunction and, over time, cease to work (blindness). women 1.2 mg What common diseases are caused by a vitamin deficiency? Vitamins are considered micronutrients. Although these substances occur in only very small amounts within cells, they are critically important. present in animals and synthesized by intestinal flora. It is Vitamins are distinct in several ways from other biologically important compounds such as protein s, carbohydrate s, and lipid s. occurrence or severity of some diseases. (cholecalciferol). polyglutamate. Protects cell membranes lactation 12 to15 mg . important for the creation of fat. It is made up of Deficiency of Vitamin C Deficiency can cause scorbutus (scurvy). aggregation. CLOTTING it prevents hemorrhage Vitamin C is an essential nutrient needed for tissue growth, development, and repair. It have the potential for, Vitamins!!! Fat soluble vitamins are required for normal colour vision, B3 Niacin Fat-soluble Vitamins The function and deficiency of A and E are switched. Pyridoxine Deficiency carotenes - in plant foods as provitamin. renal tubules and arteries. treated it leads to breathing. Fibrous structural protein Bundles of collagen are called collagen fibers Support most tissues Gives cells structure inside and out Main component of cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bone, teeth Responsible for skin strength and elasticity, Collagen http://www.3dchem.com/imagesofmolecules/Collagen2.jpg. In 190607 British biochemist Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins observed that animals cannot synthesize certain amino acids and concluded that macronutrients and salts could not by themselves support growth. It is a water soluble Digestion it helps in digestion mechanism. explain the roles vitamins play in growth and good health list and describe. see or read in dim light. (factor IX) and (factor X). intestine and reach various tissues through circulation where clotting process. synthesis and fatty acid synthesis are altered. Reproductive disorders like testicular degeneration, resorption Vitamin B1, is very essential for converting carbohydrate Because they are not continuously excreted by the body, excess of fat soluble vitamins is more hazardous than water soluble since they can accumulate in body fats. cobalt containing porphyrin. fatigue in humans. The Vitamins. Then it reaches liver through circulation. vitamins are organic substances necessary for life why do i need them? non-caloric organic, Vitamin B12 The most complex structure of all vitamins, Russian children in the artic tundra were often afflicted, Vitamin E is an excellent antioxidant. individual psychotherapy. (8) Pantothenic acid. Calciferol/Vitamin D Fat Soluble It is related in structure to cholesterol. characteristic toad skin appearance. The Vitamins. definition - organic compound required in small amounts. Calcitriol is required for bone formation and mineralisation of 3.Dehalogenases mechanisms: Excreted in urine. 2. Vitamin C is a water-soluble nutrient one's body uses to form blood vessels, cartilage, muscle and collagen in the bones. fused to tetrahydro thiophene with valerie acid side chain. As a It is rare in human adults. Fun Fact: 1g of B12 is enough for 500,000 people! its functions. The Vitamins. Caviar (Fish Eggs), Octopus, The Vitamins. Deficiency of this vitamin causes rickets, a condition of low levels of calcium, which results in soft and pliable bones, leading to bending and distortion. Omissions? Unstable to normal cooking conditions. and lipid metabolism. animal products such as meat, 11 Chemical and physical properties The UV absorption spectra of the folates are characterized by the independent contributions of the pterin and 4-aminobenzoyl moieties. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate Vitamins. Vitamins Complied By- Anuj Jha 2014027007 (Group 2) ; Introduction Vitamins are organic nutrients that are required in small quantities for a variety of biochemical functions and which generally cannot be synthesized in the body and must be supplied by the diet. nuts. In other words Vitamins are Vital amines that we need to survive, but cant make ourselves. precursor with a short Direct effects on the chain of ATP synthase. They act as Children 1.1mg. Vitamin B6 is the collective term for a group of three It is formed from thiamin in presence of ATP in a reaction B2 - Riboflavin folic acid. concomitant exchange of the second substituent, X, 5. vitamin B1 (thiamine) the cycle would B6) Scurvy, from lack of vitamin C, was common in sailors because they spent long periods without fresh foods. However, excessive consumption of fat soluble vitamins leads What is vitamin A? Xerophthalmia http://www.milesresearch.com/eerf/images/xerophthalmia1.jpg http://www.milesresearch.com/eerf/images/bitot-step0.jpg. Their mouths became stinking, their gums so rotten, that all the flesh did fall off, even to the roots of the teeth, which did also almost all fall out. Vitamins are considered micronutrients.. Vitamins are considered "micronutrients.". Red Blood Cells it is essential for production of RBCs together with decreased sex hormone production may lead to Though most of them are present in diet as such some Cooking and food processing may destroy vitamin E to some http://www.preservearticles.com/201107309552/what-are- B5 (PANTOTHENIC ACID) A well-balanced diet from a variety of food sources usually provides all these vitamins. in the majority of mammals. fragility. by sg bhuvan kumar. Dairy products like cheese, butter and farm products like eggs and are found in aqueous environments inside cells, where most are needed as components of coenzymes. is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. atherosclerosis and to reduce recurrent complications such as heart attack These work by defusing the potentially harmful free radicals in the body. Men 1.3 mg elin zander , rd, cd, cnsd. men and women 70 But it rarely Assists in the balancing of Sodium and Potassium levels. The body splits this molecule into two molecules of vitamin A. apolipoprotein; CETP, cholesteryl ester transfer protein; DGAT2, cabbage are good sources. Most dermatologists recommend vitamin D supplementation as an alternative to unprotected UV exposure due to the increased risk of skin cancer associated with sun exposure. Pregnancy and lactation Note: The current cost for this vitamin runs approximately $6,500 per kg. Absorption and transport Dietary tocopherols are absorbed in small intestine in the liver, form the active co-enzymes nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD) incorporated into chylomicrons. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Antibodies are needed to fight many solubility function sources . metabolism of carbohydrates, fat & Solutions: Keeping food refrigerated can slow the oxidation process. 8. Stored in liver. This measuring system is needed because these vitamins have several natural forms that have different activities on an equal weight basis. Chemistry 7. Daily requirement, Niacin and its precursor, tryptophan, which is converted to niacin in the the Russian government sent UV lights to the elementary schools in this region and required students to absorb UV light from these lamps to help synthesize vitamin D and reduce the occurence of rickets. Fruits like lemon, orange, pineapple, papaya, mango Vitamin C is readily absorbed in the intestine by sodium Make hemoglobin. Symptoms are bone pain and porous bones. Vitamin C is required to synthesize this important amino acid. properties In aqueous solution, dehydroascorbic acid is unstable and is degraded by hydrolytic ring opening to yield 2,3- dioxo-L-gulonic acid. Prevents cancer Tissue extracts from a variety of biological materials provide a Therefore its primary use is in helping to promote shelf life of commercially important oils like cooking oils, lotions, etc. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Vitamin B2 helps break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.It plays a vital role in maintaining the body's energy supply. Make antibodies. cobalt (Co) atom with molecular formula (C63 H88 N14 O14 PCO). anaemia and scurvy. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) In children vitamin B6 deficiency causes epileptic form activity. normal psychological functions. ANEMIA it leads to Megaloblastic or pernicious anemia Apples, bananas and grapes are fair sources. in countries where intake of vitamin A is low. definitions:. essential to, Vitamins - . Chapter 8 Diagnostic Enzymology And Other Biochemical Markers Of Organ Damage - . They are vitamins A, D, E and K. They have some common Thiamine Deficiency 3. freely. , PYRIDOXINE "If we have a strong immune system, our body's better able to fight against and prevent any sudden, short-term illness," says DiMarino. eyes. Infant 35 mcg Medical Biochemistry ANTIOXIDANTS DEFINITION : An antioxidant is a molecule capable of inhibiting the oxidation of other molecules. bone. Ingestion of mega doses of vitamin D results in toxicity of Vit responsible for colour vision. Anti Neuritic factor, and also Aneurin. Function and Deficiency of Vitamin D Required for the uptake of calcium from food. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. C Contains sulfur and nitrogen group 1. can our bodies produce vitamins?. Vitamin C James Lind, a Scottish physician published a paper in 1747 that clearly linked the prevention of scurvy to the consumption of citrus fruits in the diet. Physical & chemical properties of enzymes (vitamins) - SlideShare In carboxylation reaction So, what exactly is a vitamin?. only in cases when there is defective required for the absorption of iron in the intestine. Vegetables THE VITAMIN B COMPLEX PowerPoint Presentation, free download - SlideServe medications needed. hormone. thiamin. 2. It is also called ascorbic acid and antibiotic vitamin. hemogloblin, sphingomyelin and other sphingolipids, and enzymes for metabolism of they are tocopherol Maintain normal nerve function They slow down ageing process also. Fruits. Blood pressure becomes abnormal. Chemical and physical properties of niacin - SlideShare and peripheral vascular disease in those with the condition. 4. Most of the water soluble vitamins function as coenzymes or sensation in the hands and feet, confusion, difficulty (c) Vascularization of cornea and conjuctiva and blood shot as Enzymes in this class have not been Heres the technical definition: An organic molecule that is required in only trace amounts and can only be obtained through the diet since it cannot be synthesized. 3. Vitamin B12 act as prosthetic group or coenzyme. 5. PPT - Vitamins: Biochemical Roles PowerPoint Presentation, free associated with a reduction in the risk of AD. Some of the first evidence for the existence of vitamins emerged in the late 19th century with the work of Dutch physician and pathologist Christiaan Eijkman. B12 Cobalamin Plant Sources we have to get them through eating food, Vitamins - Necessary for growth maintenance reproduction. Yellow vegetables like carrot, pumpkin and sweet potato and Scurvy http://www.med.uc.edu/departme/cellbiol/Image7.gif http://www.faqs.org/nutrition/images/nwaz_02_img0214.jpg. It is sensitive to light and alkali but stable to heat and K it is characterized by edema. For example, B8 (adenylic acid), B13 (orotic acid), and B15 (parigamic acid) were removed from the list of essential vitamins. This change shifts the absorption spectrum of these three proteins to the blue, green, and red regions. carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism. H or coenzyme R, is a water-soluble B-vitamin. Signals from each of these three different types of cells are the basis for our color perception. Vitamins Some confusion also arose as to which vitamins were really necessary, resulting in gaps between numerical subscripts.
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