the red scare and the salem witch trials

In this case, Elizabeth Proctor is accused of witch craft for being married to John Proctor, whom is the man that Abigail, the accuser, still seems to love. The Jews and witches that were accused were pushed away and even sentenced to death. All that did not plead guilty were assumed guilty anyway, one calls upon witnesses to prove his innocence. N.p., 20 Aug. 2016. McCarthy never released the names of the people he accused and he refused to produce reasonable and coherent evidence against them. During periods of national crisis and stress, particularly during the first Red Scare and later during the Cold War, the government has initiated prosecutions and Congress has conducted investigations of Communists and other outsiders that have sometimes been likened to witch hunts. The First Amendment has generally served to protect individuals for opinions that they have expressed, albeit not for violent or illegal conduct. By clicking Send, you agree to our The Salem witch trials were a difficult time for the citizens of the Massachusetts Colony in the late seventeenth century. N.p., 13 Aug. 2016. During the McCarthy Trials people accused others as a form of staying out of jail: Many of Millers peers, fearing the wrath of the court, provided names of the suspected communists in an attempt to save themselves, (McCarthyism, The Red Scare, Communism, Arthur Miller). Two girls accused a woman of doing witchcraft and then the accusations continued, people accused other people to relieve their own punishment in a last ditch effort to save their lives, but it was in vein. Salem Witch Trials [electronic resource]. Millions of people's lives have been changed, there have been millions of people who have been arrested or killed just because someone was unhappy or jealous of them., Men, women, two dogs, and even a four year old girl were accused of practicing witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Compare And Contrast The Red Scare And Salem Witch Trials He served as Salem's constable in 1672 (Familypedia.). 0000002480 00000 n Her arrest on March 24, 1692 shocked the entire town. "Ergot of rye." In court, the girls submitted anecdotal evidence and exhibited strange behavior, including weeping, joking, jerking, barking, writhing, and screeching, to suggest that their accusers were using magic to attack them. Tituba was the Indian woman who served the Parris household with her husband John. Web. Abigail Williams was one of the afflicted girls in the Salem Witch Trials. Encyclopdia Britannica. Scapegoats of each time period were cast out of society for their alleged differences and abnormalities that went against societal norms. He does this through underlying similarities between the main antagonist Abigail Williams to McCarthy during his own time period. Samuel Parris. PBS, n.d. Thus began the Salem witch hunt, one of the stranger episodes in American history. The first minister stepped down for unfulfillment, the second for accusation of Satanic agents. Web. The accusers were generally young females between the ages of 11 and 20. These events are known as the Salem witch trials and the Holocaust. She dabbled in fortune-telling with her cousin Abigail. Samuel Parris was the minister at Salem Village during the trials of 1692. Encephalitis is when a virus abruptly causes the brain to swell, causing a fever, headaches, violent seizures, confusion, and drowsiness (Medical News Today). Fueled by allegations of unholiness, the Salem Witch Trials differ from the Red Scare of the 20th century, which gained momentum on the basis of allegations of communism. "Martha Corey: Gospel Woman or Gospel Witch?" 0000002293 00000 n "Elizabeth Proctor: The Salem Witch Trials Widow." Of the 62 people Ann accused, 17 were executed, one was tortured to death, one died in jail, and the rest were either never charged, found not guilty, pardoned or escaped from jail (History of MA.). The Crucible Coso Flashcards | Quizlet People who were accused were urged to confess even if they were innocent. When his close friend, Elia Kazan testified in front of the HUAC, Miller traveled to Salem to search the trials. The witch trials of Salem, Mass., are the most infamous in American history, leading to many executions as hysteria about witches reached a fever pitch. plagiarism-free paper. Witch Cake, a bread made of rye meal and the afflicted's urine was baked in ashes and fed to a dog. Web. In his letter, he described torture used on innocent victims, including his son William (History of MA.). Along with jail, came the shame and the being looked upon as being against the U.S. so many people decided to give up whatever they needed to in order to continue their regular life. "The Salem Witchcraft Site." Likewise Abigail never produced any material or realistic evidence against those she accused. The First Amendment Encyclopedia, Middle Tennessee State University (accessed Jul 14, 2023). Journalists or witch hunters? Examining the New York Times' Web. The 1950's was a time when the U.S. Constitution's promises were forgotten (U.S.History.) , is based on the Salem Witch Trials and did include some real-life details from the trials, characters Betty Parris and Abigail Williams were based on actual accusers. It wasn't until Elizabeth Proctor was accused that John himself started being accused (History of MA.) Salem Witch Trials vs The Red Scare - YouTube Manage Settings "LSD." tituba, sarah good, sarah osborn. The lives of many people in the town of Salem were affected by the trials when about 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft, nineteen people were hung and one person was stoned to death., All across the United States and all throughout history our judicial system has been terrible. Other than that, the finger-pointing was very reminiscent of the Salem Witch Trials. By March 1, 1692, three women were accused of witchcraft: Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, and Tituba, an Indigenous woman from Barbados, who was enslaved by Parris. Home / Essay Samples / History / Red Scare / The Red Scare And The Salem Witch. Ergot sclerotia are purple-black growths that contain lysergic acid ergotamine. They were accused of practicing the Devil's magic, which many believed to be real; so real that people were being imprisoned and executed for it. The Red Scare was a period of time where people lived in constant fear and paranoia that they were being influenced and controlled by communist in between 1917 and 1920. She was convicted on July 3, taken to the church, and publicly excommunicated. History of Massachusetts. I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil! (Miller 48). The accuser would then give a testimony explaining why or how they have witnessed the person as a witch. The Free Dictionary. "Giles Corey and the Salem Witchcraft Trials." Abigail did the exact same thing with the witch trials. This set her above all the other members in society and made her a key role in all court trials. The Crucible, The Salem Witch Trials, and The Red Scare - Adobe Express This allowed them to keep constant control and accuse any who opposed them or their power. Despite only receiving a fine for his actions, his reputation was forever changed (History of MA. She thinks to take my place, John, (Miller 61). Web. John Proctor and his wife Elizabeth Proctor are also real figures from the Salem Witch Trials, but unlike in The Crucible, Abigail and John Proctor didnt have an affair Miller just included that in his play to add to the drama. Giles Corey was examined in April, and left to wait five months in prison with his wife (The Man of Iron.). Web. Miller unearthed the resemblance between the Red Scare and the Salem witch hunt. Just as widespread social paranoia contributed to the rise of McCarthyism, the development of mass hysteria surrounding the Salem Witch Trials can be traced back to ecological factors. Web. Want to receive an original paper on this topic? Late in the March of 1692, Mercy Lewis and Abigail Williams accused Elizabeth Proctor, claiming her spirit would come at night and torment them. When the Red Scares starts to happen everyone starts to be afraid because they do not want to be part of the rumors and have connection, In the Salem Witch Trials the people in some cases were accused because they were not liked or not agreed with or maybe even jealous of. However, defendants won only four of fifteen such cases filed. History of Massachusetts. 13 Feb. 2017. I was initially skeptical of this theory, but upon further research, I realized it was actually very plausible. During their reigns, the duo used the power of their positions to accused innocent people. Additionally, several teleplays and books have been attributed to blacklisted writers, who wrote under pseudonyms during the 1950s. On the other hand, the people during the McCarthy Trials accused others for completely different reasons. Families and friends often urged their loved ones to confess to save their lives. ), And, much like Goodwife Corey, Goodwife Nurse often criticized the young girls for their behavior: the fortune telling and the lying, making her much more of a target.As told in, Her trial began to close in the June of 1692 when she was found not guilty. Court records state Parris testified against nine people. While this is just a theory, the facts to support it do seem completely plausible, since consuming rotten food can cause a plethora of health issues, even hallucinations and paranoia. 867 0 obj His family forced out Rev. Due to the Salem Jail's overcrowding, Elizabeth was transferred to Boston with Rebecca Nurse, Martha Corey, and two others. 08 Feb. 2017. People were assumed guilty without the use of solid evidence which is not fair under any, Comparison Of The Red Scare And The Salem Witch Trials. 09 Feb. 2017. They believed they were hidden everywhere and had higher jobs in schools and government positions. Its economy consisted of commerce, fishing, shipbuilding, and trading. However, when both periods ended, many accusers were filled with misgivings regarding decisions they made during the community meltdowns. The communists and the Soviet Union were the ones that were feared. 0000024990 00000 n During the witch trials, however, individuals convicted of perjury could save themselves from public humiliation byaccusing their neighbors. Originating as a symptom of the Cold War, which was a period of history when communist and democratic ideologies clashed, the Red Scare of the 1950s was international in scope. Web. It has always been said that history has a way of repeating itself, and unfortunately, in this case, it did. During the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 and the Red Scare of the 1950s, communities under a great deal of stress hosted formal hearings during which members of these communities accused others of violating social standards. The girls accused many other women and some men in the village out of revenge or pure hatred. The wrongly accused were tried and their good names were ruined. "John Proctor." and Elizabeth Parris' descriptions of Betty and Abigail. 3. Most agree that those accused of witchcraft tended to be eccentric individuals who stood out from their Puritan neighbors in some way. They also abused their power by accusing those people without the need of significant evidence. That is where they were bit. The Red Scare, the hunt for 'Reds' or Communists in America, began during the McCarthy trials when many innocent . Web. (Red Scare). "Francis Nurse (1618-1695)." The Puritans have a very strict religion and the members are required to attend church on Sundays and to be able to interpret the bible or they would be frowned upon (The Puritans). To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Testimony that fueled the Red Scare was provided primarily by adults, many of whom were professionals. Another theory of causation of the girls' ideas is Encephalitis. 0 Red Scare Vs. Salem Witch Trials James Withers - Updated June 25, 2018 During the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 and the Red Scare of the 1950s, communities under a great deal of stress hosted formal hearings during which members of these communities accused others of violating social standards. Joseph McCarthy, a U.S. senator and the main accuser of the Red Scare, continuously claimed that there were communists in the United States, much like Betty and Abigail claimed there were witches in the town. "Transmission." Web. Web. Dictionary.com. On March 31st, Abigail claimed to have seen witches having a sacrament, feasting on flesh and blood, during a village fast. We will occasionally How Worried Should We Be About Sports-Related Injury? In addition, Parris oversaw the excommunication of convicted 'witches. Elizabeth R. Purdy. 13 Feb. 2017. 0000005567 00000 n Independence Hall Association, n.d. He opened a bar just South of Salem Village in 1668, making him a wealthy man. 14 Feb. 2017. "Why Arthur Miller Wrote The Crucible." The form of execution used on Giles had never before been used in the colonies; this idea was most likely proposed by Thomas in this letter (History of MA.). ), Constant squabbles of autonomy caused the third minister, Deodat Lawson, to step down. In these interrogations, these actors and musicians were asked if they had ever participated in communism, if they were a member of the communist party or if they knew anyone who was a member of the party. The, In the movie Good Night and Good Luck, referring to the McCarthyism Era, an American soldier, Milo, was being questioned with the thought that he was a communist. Various amounts of people tend to believe that the 1950 's McCarthy trial is a resemblance of the 1692-Salem Witch Trials, for the cases were rendered as false and filled with a lot of accusations and invalid truths to no-proof at all. %%EOF The following day, Corey returned to church as usual and, according to Deodat Lawson, was reported by Abigail Williams and Ann Putnam Jr. to be holding a yellow bird, making it fly around the minister's head. Name the three individuals whom the girls first accused of witchcraft. This fits perfectly into the historical timeline. The trials were completely ridiculous, and many innocent lives were taken because, Have you ever been pushed away for being different? elizabeth betty, abigail williams, ann putman jr., mercy lewis, elizabeth hubbard, mary walcott and mary warren. People were having the realization that others around them were having their entire lives ruined because they were being falsely accused of witchcraft with no real physical evidence against them. When Abigail began showing similar symptoms, Betty's father Reverend Samuel Parris became worried and called on Doctor William Griggs, who deducted they were bewitched (History of MA.). Compare And Contrast The Salem Witch Trials And The Crucible "Betty Parris: First Afflicted Girl of the Salem Witch Trials." The Red Scare was the episode of Americans being afraid of the spread of communism which led America to take desperate actions to stop it from spreading such as McCarthyism. a red rat and black rat; and a tall man in black clothes with white hair. After enduring repeated beatings at the hands of Parris, she confessed and claimed that other witches were working with her. Web. Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy's claim to fame was his attempt to fish out high-positioned Communists in America. N.p., n.d. In The Crucible certain characters were accused because they had something that the accuser did not have: Shed (Abigail) dare not callout such a farmers wife but there be monstrous profit in it. Well, if so, you are not the only ones. She was most likely purchased with her husband; Puritans were reluctant to separate married couples (History of MA. trailer During the McCarthy hearings people were falsely accused of being communist. The Salem Witch Trials was a witch hunt in Salem, they hung anybody who they thought were witches. November 30, 2015 During the tense era of McCarthyism, celebrated playwright Arthur Miller was inspired to write a drama reflecting the mass cultural and political hysteria produced when the U.S.. During her trials, resentment grew for Martha and no one came to her defense. On May 6, 1962, Tituba was found not guilty by a grand jury due to lack of evidence. Web. Senator Joseph McCarthy, who fueled the Red Scare of the 1950s with wild allegations that spurred highly publicized hearings, received criticism from colleagues such as Senator Margaret Chase Smith before the United States Senate voted to formally censure him on On Dec. 2, 1954. Even though there are differences, the Salem Witch Trials continue to resemble the McCarthy Trials., The Salem Witch Trials ended with about 200 people being accused of witchcraft, and during the Red Scare, over a thousand people were accused of being part of the communist party. Abigail was eleven and John was sixty during the time of the trials, making an affair, Another significant difference was the offspring of the Putnam family. History of Massachusetts. Witch hunts The town did not like Parris. The accusations soon multiplied, as those who stood accused would only be saved from hanging if they admitted guilt and provided the names of others who conjured the devil alongside them. History of Massachusetts. Since witchcraft was deemed as a capital crime in 1641 (law2,umkc), the punishment for it was either imprisonment, or hanging. History.com. Salem Village was a fast-growing farming town, 5-7 miles from meeting house. More than 300 years later, the Salem witch trials testify to the way fear can ruin lives of innocent people and the importance of due process in protecting individuals against false accusations. Around 3,000 years later, the Red Scare began. N.p., 12 Feb. 2017. He was seen as overbearing for demanding firewood, the deed to the ministry house, no taxes, and a complaint from the Villagers for not receiving said demands (Salem Village Divided.). Trying to cure Betty and shield her from the trials, Rev. 14 Feb. 2017. They believed in a real sense of a divine God, with the fear of sin and divinity. Nevertheless, the recurring cycle of accusation and betrayal throughout history begs the question of whether external factors were truly to blame, or rather the intrinsic human propensity to evil. In 1672, his father passed away and John inherited one-third of his father's land (History of MA.). Weve seen this in the story, The Crucible written by Arthur Miller, Dr.Kylene Beers and Dr.Lee Odell, with one of the young girls Mary Warren, and the other girls accused during this time. This gave Abigail free barings to accuse whomever she wished without evidence. With Janet Montgomery, Shane West, Seth Gabel, Tamzin Merchant. and figure out a title and outline for your paper. If you feel that this video content violates the Adobe Terms of Use, you may report this content by filling out this quick form. The town held around 2000 residents (Salem Village History. By Elizabeth R. Purdy Other articles in Events The Salem witch trials testify to the importance of due process in protecting individuals against false accusations. The Salem Witch trials were persecutions of men and woman on account of performing witchcraft. 13 Feb. 2017. Alan Brinkley states in the article, The Red Scares were fears when government officials and other groups promoted a fear of communism in the United States, which would overthrow capitalism and democracy (Brinkley). In both cases this is an abuse of power over the people, giving little opportunity to defend themselves. Similarities Between The Crucible And The Red Scare | ipl.org Popular support began to fade. (Abrams 550). Withers holds a Bachelor of Arts in English from the University of Texas at Arlington. Those convicted of defamation or slander were forced to pay fines and apologize publicly, but the more typical scenario was for courts to charge the accused with lying and add fines or additional punishment. According to Reverend John Hale, one girl was horrified, interpreting her egg yolk as a coffin. He died there on February 27, 1720. 0000003391 00000 n 09 Feb. 2017. People were scared to go against McCarthy because then others would consider them a communist. They believed they were hidden everywhere and had higher jobs in schools and government positions. When the Proctor children were arrested, Elizabeth's sister Mary DeRich, and her sister-in-law Sarah Basset were also arrested. ', All of Rev. 13 Feb. 2017. xref ), 2. essay writers. History of Massachusetts. Soon after the witch cake attempt, the afflicted girls named three women as witches: Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osbourne. In September, nearly a dozen witnesses came forward during his trial with the Grand Jury, saying he served bread and wine to a sacrament of witches. 13 Feb. 2017. Comparison Of The Red Scare And The Salem Witch Trials Neither Abigail Williams or Betty Parris ever apologized for their roles in the Salem Witch Trials. Aftermeeting with his close friend, famed director Elia Kazan, who had recently testified in front of the House Un-American Activities Committee, Miller traveled to Salem, Massachusetts, to research the infamous Salem Witch Trials of 1692. Answer (1 of 5): I think this question is a bit Silly. click here. Without fear, people would never put up for the government to enact Executive order 9835, which mandated the that all federal employees must be analyzed to determine whether they were sufficiently loyal to the government. Therefore, citizens listed, and obeyed, to every possible stride taken by the government that would supposedly protect America. Knowing he'd be executed, he refused to stand trial and have his land forfeited to the state (The Man of Iron.). With the Bill of Rights in place, interpretations of the First Amendment consistently ruled that slander and defamation were not protected by the Constitution. 09 Feb. 2017. In. 13 Feb. 2017. 0000015335 00000 n The McCarthy hearings and The Salem Witch Trials were two very horrific occurrences in America 's history that were based on lies and a complete lack of facts and it is very important to learn about these events so that people can be better informed in the future. N.p., n.d. It turns out witch-hunts didnt only happen in the 17th century. The proof was never shown to the public, so the people all just had to trust in the government and believe whatever evidence that was in that folder can prove the soldier was a communist. First Church in Salem Village, illustration published in the New England Magazine Volume 5, 1892, Tituba and the Children, illustration by Alfred Fredericks, published in A Popular History of the United States, circa 1878, The Crucible, The Salem Witch Trials, and The Red Scare. After the hysteria was over, Massachusetts recognized the witch trials for what they were and began a centuries-long process of atonement. "Ann Putnam, Jr: Villain or Victim?" There was a problem submitting your report. McCarthy abused his power, History tends to repeat itself. This would not necessarily explain the 'hallucinations', but it would definitely explain Rev. Finding the Devil in the Details of the Salem Witchcraft Trials. The Chronicle of Higher Education 46 (January 21, 2000): B4B5. It was history repeating itself in the McCarthy era. The Red Scare was resurrected during the Cold War and reached its height between 1950 and 1954 when Senator Joseph McCarthy proclaimed there were communist in the State Department, the White House, the Treasury, and the US Army. The Devils Disciples: Makers of the Salem Witchcraft Trials. America has experienced mass hysteria more than once in its history. Salem Witch Trials | The First Amendment Encyclopedia Mary Sibley gave directions on witch discovery to Parris' slave, John Indian (History of MA.) Mary Warren, though not an accuser of Elizabeth, testified against both her and John, accusing their spirits of beating, pinching, and choking her at night. Three to thirty days after a tick bite, 70% of patients are warm to the touch, and undergo severe headaches, neck stiffness, heart palpitations, and temporary loss of short term memory (CDC.) Abigail imprisoned over 150 innocent people and Senator McCarthy initially accused 205 people within the State Department. McCarthyism was a vociferous campaign against alleged communists in the US government and other institutions carried out under Senator Joseph McCarthy in the period 195054. "Abigail Williams: The Mysterious Afflicted Girl." The Salem Witch Trials began in 1692 in Salem Village, Massachusetts, after a group of adolescent girls claimed to be possessed by the devil and began accusing other women in the village of witchcraft. ), Salem Town was a prosperous port. Tituba made confessions of conversations with evil pigs and dogs and seeing Sarah Good and Sarah Osbourne turn into creatures with wings. 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