who wrote the petrine doctrine

Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.). It was Peter who first proclaimed the Gospel on the day of Pentecost (Acts 2:14-47). , , , petra, from Homer down; the Septuagint reading for and ; , , , lithos, the Septuagint reading for (from Homer down); Petros, ", a stone, distinguished from (Source: Liddell, H., 1996. [23] In a most candid statement about Matthew 16:18, Dr. Oscar Cullman, a contributing editor to this work, writes: See also Bam! Canon IV. An excellent diplomat in political affairs, he was also a great theologian who wrote extensively. Petros, a noun akin to 4073, used as a proper name; a stone or a boulder, Peter, one of the twelve apostles: Peter(150), Peters(5). (Robert L. Thomas, New American Standard Hebrew-Aramaic and Greek Dictionaries: Updated Edition, H8674, Anaheim: Foundation Publications, Inc., 1998, 1981). From Christ and through S. Peter the priesthood is handed on in perpetuity. 27:60) and in reference to Christ (1 Cor. Paul warned that in the latter times hypocritical teachers would spread lies (1 Timothy 4:13) and would delude people into believing ancient heresies and unbiblical traditions (2 Thessalonians 2:115). II. They are not petroi (pluralpetros singular), but lithoi (plural, lithos singular). Properly, is a fixed rock, a stone." (XXXII.) (Source: Liddell, H. (1996). With the papal legates who presided over the council in full agreement, this council decided that Photius was indeed the rightful patriarch. To use our advanced search functionality (to search for terms in specific content), please use syntax such as the following examples: The "primacy of Peter" doctrine asserts that Jesus gave Peter, and Peter's successors, authority to function as the sole custodians of true Christian teachingand as Pope Benedict asserted, "This primacy is for all time" (ibid.). See A Little Catechism on Sedevacantism - Society of St. Pius X (SSPX) (archives.sspx). Canon III. Some Catholic Priests have left the Catholic Church and become ex-Catholics, non-Catholic Christians who have carefully studied the Bible and have been persuaded by what they see in the Bible, and by the arguments of Protestant apologists based on the Protestant Reformation, and by their conscience, that Catholic doctrine is wrong and that the Primacy of Peter in particular is an heretical doctrine, and that Catholicism as a whole is fraught with danger to the integrity of the purity of a saving Christian faith.[36]. It is first found incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions as the last chapter of the eighth book (Apostolic Constitutions VIII, 47). This is not to say that such historical developments were erroneous but that the New Testament writings were not written to prove a full feathered doctrine of Petrine Papacy. : Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs; of the Prophets, twelve; of Isaiah, one; of Jeremiah, one; of Ezekiel, one; of Daniel, one. Medieval Sourcebook: Leo I: The Petrine Doctrine - University of Oregon As the brilliant, popular, highly distinguished professor of philosophy at the University in Constantinople, Photius was an excellent choice, even though he was still a layman. Continuing with our discussion about Eastern Orthodox ecclesiology, we turn to the question of what happened to the One, Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church in the first centuries following the death of the Apostles, and specifically the relationship between . In relations with the West, Saint Photius defended the authentic Church Tradition in confrontation with the exaggerated claims and unwarranted interference of Pope Nicholas, while ultimately preserving unity with the Roman Church and Pope John VIII. Canon XXXVII. and, especially, Matthew 16:18 ff.). Canon LXXIX. The most disputed text on ecclesiology (the doctrine of the church) is Matthew 16:1320. The Primacy of Simon Peter is essential to the vision of papal primacy as papal supremacy: that is, the idea that the papacy by divine institution enjoys delegated authority from Jesus over the entire Church. Rank is a different thing from power, and to be elevated to the highest place of honor among a few persons is a different thing from embracing the whole world under his dominion.[31]. If he be a layman, let him be excommunicated. Pope Nicholas I proceeded to seize this opportunity to interfere in the affairs of the Church of Constantinople, in order to try to demonstrate that the Papacy had legitimate authority over the Eastern Churches as well as the Church in the West. II. If any bishop or presbyter offer any other things at the altar, besides that which the Lord ordained for the sacrifice, as honey, or milk, or strong-made drink instead of wine, [the text here varies] or birds, or any living things, or vegetables, besides that which is ordained, let him be deposed. Again, the earliest patristic fathers understood this text as referring to those who would later hold the same leadership positions in the Church (the bishops) and their responsibility to guard the flock from heresy, contra Cullmanns influential work Peter: Disciple, Apostle, Martyr which moved to argue that Peters special position among the college of the Apostles did not transfer down to anyone but died out with him. Petros, , a noun akin to 4073, used as a proper name; a stone or a boulder, Peter, one of the twelve apostles: Peter(150), Peters(5). (Robert L. Thomas, New American Standard Hebrew-Aramaic and Greek Dictionaries: Updated Edition, H8674, Anaheim: Foundation Publications, Inc., 1998, 1981). Internet History Sourcebooks: Medieval Sourcebook Scripture and history both show that the early Church did not recognize the Roman theory of Petrine primacy. Therefore there are 12 foundations. by John Panteleimon Manoussakis (churchlifejournal.nd.edu), Pseudonymity? In 451ad, however, the Council of Chalcedon rebuffed Leo, and decreed that the bishops of Rome and Constantinople had equal authority. Catholic apologists conclude from this fact of Greek grammar and vocabulary that Jesus said he would build his church upon Peter "this rock", not upon Peter's faith "this pistin", a divine faith given him by God the Father. The historical actualization of this biblical principle raises the fiercely debated question of the legitimacy of any historical establishment of authority based on claims of the evidence of history as unfolding the will of God. (XXXV.) In Matthew 16:18 there is a minor difference in the Greek words for "stone" and "rock". However, Pope Hadrian (r. 867872) was not entirely pleased with this council, because it refused to give the Bulgarian Church over to the authority of Rome. Canon XLIX. Petrine doctrine - Oxford Reference Canon LXXIV. Canon LXXXI. Among the Orthodox, there has been an attempt to recognize the various expressions of primatial leadership in the life of the Church, and to place primacy within the framework of conciliarity and collegiality. Furthermore, contra those scholars (mostly Protestant) that deny that Peters shadow actually healed and was only the crowds misunderstanding and ignorant opinion that it could, Gloag argues that the Greek implies that Peters shadow actually effected healings and cites (Matt 9:21-22; Acts 19:12) as examples where physical objects healed the crowds. 2. a rock, i.e. Canon VIII (IX.) In Constantinople there were two parties struggling for power in both ecclesiastical and civil affairsthe so-called zealots or conservatives, and the moderates. What did Jesus mean when he said, Upon this rock I will build my church? Afterward, the evidence of history showed that it was not. There is a distinction between the Solemn Magisterium and the Ordinary Magisterium. Constantine Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.). (Matt) 14:28; 15:15; 17:24 (where the tax collectors approach Peter alone for questioning, they understood well that he acted as representative for the Apostles when Jesus was absent); Matt 18:21; 26:33 etc; Mk 9: 2; 16:7 etc; (Lk) 5: 3- 11; 22:32; 24:34 etc; (Jn) 6:68; 10:11; 21:15-19 etc. This document is in the public domain.[3]. Canon LV. Peter is known as first bishop of Rome, or Pope. Petrine Primacy: Who Can Speak on Behalf of the Orthodox Church? The cumulative weight for the special recognition of Peter thought the entire New Testament is undeniable; (Matthew) 4:18; 10:2; 14:28-29; 15:15-16; 16:16, 18, 22-23; 17:1, 4, 24, 26; 18:21; 19:27; 26:33, 35, 37, 40, 58, 69, 73, 75; (Mark) 1:16, 29; 36; 3:13-16; 5:37; 9:2; 10:28; 11:21; 13:3; 14:33; 16:1, 7; (Luke) 5:3-11; 6:14; 12:41; (John) 1:35-44; 6:68; 13:6-37; 18:10-27; 20:2-6; 21:2-21; (Acts) 1:13-15; 2:14-38; 3:1-12; 4:8-19; 5:3-29; 8:14-20; 9:32-43; 10:5-46; 11:2-13; 12:5-18; 15:7; Gal 2:7; 1 Pet 1:1; 2 Pet 1:1). "But formerly, through the agency of those who erred from the faith, certain adulterous matter was introduced, clean contrary to piety, for the polluting of the Church, which obscures the elegance and beauty of the divine decrees in their present form. The prerogatives of the five ancient Patriarchates nevertheless contain principles applicable to universal primacy as well. Many of them also declare that the doctrine of Papal Infallibility is an obvious and monstrous evidence of the Great Apostasy. If any bishop, presbyter, or deacon, or any one on the sacerdotal list, when the offering is made, does not partake of it, let him declare the cause; and if it be a reasonable one, let him be excused; but if he does not declare it, let him be excommunicated, as being a cause of offence to the people, and occasioning a suspicion against the offerer, as if he had not made the offering properly. Canon XVII. Its doctrinal significance is controverted. Properly, is a fixed rock, a stone." Let all other fruits be sent home as first-fruits for the bishops and presbyters, but not offered at the altar. Matthew 16:19; 18:18. If any one be deprived of an eye, or lame of a leg, but in other respects be worthy of a bishopric, he may be ordained, for the defect of the body does not defile a man, but the pollution of the soul. See the classic creeds professed and affirmed by the Holy See of Rome. For an early Catholic critique of Cullmanns position see Otto Karrer, Peter and the Church: An Examination of Cullmanns Thesis (New York: Herder and Herder, 1962). Canon LXIX. Both forms mean "rock". (threeminuteapologetics.blogspot.com), Does the pope claim to be God on earth? But Jesus did not change Simon's name to Evna, He named him Kephas, which translates as Petros, and means a large rock.. The Evangelical Dictionary of Theology illustrates the leading role that Peter played among the Apostles, speaking up on matters that concern them all, being called by Jesus by a name linking him with the rock on which Jesus would build his church, being charged with pastoring the flock of Christ, and taking the leading role in the initial church as . However, when the legates returned to Rome, Pope Nicholas rejected their decision, since it was not the result that he desired. Only in the last half century or so has he been acknowledged at least by some in the West as a great bishop with personal humility and wisdom. They look Orthodox, but they are Catholic. If any bishop or presbyter [some mss add: or deacon] does not receive him who turns away from his sin, but rejects him, let him be deposed; for he grieveth Christ who said, "There is joy in heaven over one sinner that repenteth.". (Christianthinktank.com), Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor (britannica.com), Auctoritas in English - Glosbe (glosbe.com), "Is Peter the rock on which the Church is built?" If any bishop, presbyter, or deacon, or reader, or singer, does not fast the holy Quadragesimal fast of Easter, or the fourth day, or the day of Preparation, let him be deposed, unless he be hindered by some bodily infirmity. According to the biblical definition of the identity of antichrist infallibly set forth in 1John2:22; 1John4:3 and 2John7, no historical pope has been the antichrist. Canon LXVI. - Sagacious News (sagaciousnewsnetwork.com), AntiChristPope: Pope Claims to be God on Earth (antichristpope.blogspot.com), Primacy and Unity in Orthodox Ecclesiology. If any one of the clergy or laity who is excommunicated, or not to be received, shall go away, and be received in another city without commendatory letters, let both the receiver and the received be excommunicated. Canon XIV. An example is Luke 1:48, a text in which we are assured that every generation thence forth will call Mary blessed. The historical issue in this is clear: how has history accomplished this prophecy? In his remarks, he urged, "Let us pray, so that the primacy of Peter will be increasingly recognized in its true meaning by brothers not yet in communion with us" (Zenit News Agency, June 7, 2006). B. Bruce, Synoptic Gospels, p. 158; Carson (which I cited above); Fenton, Matthew, p. 151-52; Grundmann, Matthaus, p. 287; Meier, Matthew, p. 104; Plummer (which I cite above); McNeile, Matthew, p. 131; Tasker, Matthew, p. 106. For our Lord has by no means taught us to do so, but, on the contrary, when he was smitten he smote not again, when he was reviled he reviled not again, when he suffered he threatened not. Again they refused, and they continued to follow true apostolic teaching. According to Romans 13:1-10 and 1 Peter 2:13-17 all legitimate authority has been established by God. Petra, , (4073) denotes a mass of rock, as distinct from petros, a detached stone or boulder, or a stone that might be thrown or easily moved." are but a few examples. The St. Pachomius Orthodox Library, St. Angelina of Serbia and Albania 1998. Of special note in this Matthean pericope are the keys given to Peter with the power to bind and loose which motif has a rich backdrop in the rabbinic literature for governmental powers. If any bishop, presbyter, or deacon, or any one of the sacerdotal order, shall eat flesh, with the blood of the life thereof, or anything killed by beasts, or that dies of itself, let him be deposed. What is the Petrine deception? | Roman doctrine vs. the Bible | Answers Hasler, though, is engaged in heated polemic and obviously exaggerates his picture of Pius IX. This is the doctrinal position of conservative Christian Evangelicals, Baptists, Fundamentalists, the Plymouth Brethren, and anti-Catholic groups in general who hold to the doctrine of Dispensationalism and the Pre-Tribulation Rapture. If any of the clergy mock the lame, or the deaf, or the blind, or him who is infirm in his legs, let him be excommunicated.In like manner any of the laity. And XIII (XIII.) Let the private goods of the bishop, if he have any such, and those of the Lord, be clearly distinguished, that the bishop may have the power of leaving his own goods, when he dies, to whom he will, and how he will, and that the bishop's own property may not be lost under pretence of its being the property of the Church: for it may be that he has a wife, or children, or relations, or servants; and it is just before God and man, that neither should the Church suffer any loss through ignorance of the bishop's own property, nor the bishop or his relations be injured under pretext of the Church: nor that those who belong to him should be involved in contests, and cast reproaches upon his death. For a good succinct discussion of these issues see Daniel J. Harrington, The Church According to the New Testament: What the Wisdom and Witness of Early Christianity Teach Us Today (Sheed & Ward, 2001). And he states quite clearly and unequivocally that the members of the household of God, the pillar and ground of truth, are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets. Compare Quoting out of context, Straw man fallacy, Confirmation bias, Cherry picking, Nutpicking, Misrepresentation, Half-truth, Polemic, Deceit, Cafeteria Christianity, Foxe's Book of Martyrs, ''The Two Babylons''. He who has mutilated himself, cannot become a clergyman, for he is a self-murderer, and an enemy to the workmanship of God. (XXVIII.) . Medieval Sourcebook: Leo I: The Petrine Doctrine [r.440-461] [Note: pagination of Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers, Vol XII, edition, preserved] 117 SERMON III. Jesus, who knew the heart of Peter, was not saying that Peter, the movable and unstable stone, would be the immovable rock upon which the Church would be built. Ineffabilis Deus is an example of this. Continued.) (XII.) Four years later, in 867, Photius finally responded by calling a major council of five hundred bishops meeting in Constantinople. Petrine leadership as the motif behind John 21:15-17 is ably summarized in The Growth and Making of John 21, in W. S. Vorster and J. E. Botha, Speaking of Jesus: Essays on Biblical Language, Gospel Narrative and the Historical Jesus (SNT; Brill, 1997). The bishops of every nation must acknowledge him who is first among them and account him as their head, and do nothing of consequence without his consent; but each may do those things only which concern his own parish, and the country places which belong to it. Is Peter the rock on which the Church is built? The primacy of the Bishop of Rome over the whole Catholic Church is derived from the pope's status as successor to Peter as "Prince of the Apostles" and as "Vicar of Christ" (Vicarius Christi). See the article by N. J. Waldorf, April 1935 "The Reformation and the End of Papal Supremacy" (ministrymagazine.org), This produced a backlash of Catholic traditionalists who separated themselves from Rome and formed the Old Catholic Church in the 19th century. Then came the counter reformation and the Council of Trent; then the Thirty Years' War and the Peace of Westphalia, 1648 A. D., whence our modern church history begins; then the evangelical church period; then the French Revolution and the end of papal supremacy in Europe in the year 1798, at the close of the 1260-year prophecy of Daniel 7:25. Volume III - Church History, Ninth Century, "On this rock ( ). Jesus described His petrosPeteras a foundation stone of the Church, along with the other apostles and prophets. They appealed to the Church of Rome, using the good name of the former patriarch Ignatiuswho had accepted his forced retirement for the good of the Churchagainst Photius and the imperial government which confirmed his election. A. Plummer, An Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. Matthew (London: Paternoster, 1910) concurs, He not only put Peter first, as all do, but he specifically calls him first (), which would be superfluous, if it did not mean more than first on the list. If any Christian brings oil into a temple of the heathen or into a synagogue of the Jews at their feast, or lights lamps, let him be excommunicated. The Petrine Doctrine. Canon VI. KJV, The Orthodox Faith. 1 Pet. [24][25] Arguments based on this error have no substance. And in 869870 a council was held in Constantinople, known as the Ignatian Council, which affirmed Ignatius as patriarch and condemned Photius, who was sent into exile. But he must not alienate any of them or give the things which belong to God to his own relations. He held a council in Rome in 863, which presumed to have Photius deposedalong with all the clergy he had ordained in the preceding five years!and Ignatius was proclaimed as the legitimate patriarch of Constantinople. See the interlinear text of 1 Peter 2:5, lithoi, See also: Protestantism and Protestant Reformation. Isaiah 51:1-2; Jeremiah 1:18-19. Let there be a meeting of the bishops twice a year, and let them examine amongst themselves the decrees concerning religion and settle the ecclesiastical controversies which may have occurred. Canon LXVII. For Catholic academic statements concerning Peters preeminence in the New Testament see Heinrich Fries, Fundamental Theology (Catholic University of America Press, 1996); Pheme Perkins, Peter: Apostle for the Whole Church (T&T Clark, 2000); Rudolf Schnackenburg, The Gospel of Matthew (Eerdmans, 2002); Daniel J. Harrington, The Gospel of Matthew (Sac Pag; Michael Glazier Books, 2007); for Protestant evaluations which conclude for Peters special role among the Apostles see O. Cullmann, , , TDNT; S. J. Grenz, Revisioning Evangelical Theology: A Fresh Agenda for the 21st Century (IVP, 1993), p. 178; J. D. G. Dunn, Jesus and the Spirit: A Study of the Religious and Charismatic Experience of Jesus and the First Christians as Reflected in the New Testament (Eerdmans, 1997), p. 125 ff. For the Orthodox, Roman primacy has been understood as a pragmatic, rather than theological, issue, growing out of a principle of accommodation. Honor and primacy must be linked to practical ministry and service, and the Pope must function as head of his see, as one who is among, rather than over, the other bishops. for rock; John 1:41-42). First of all, when we look at the Greek of Matthew 16:18, we see something that is not obvious in the English. (XXIX.) (XXVII.) Because the 1870 definition is not seen by Catholics as a creation of the Church, but as the dogmatic definition of a truth about the Church Magisterium, Papal teachings made prior to the 1870 proclamation can, if they meet the criteria set out in the dogmatic definition, be considered infallible. The First Vatican Council defined papal primacy in the sense of papal supremacy as an essential institution of the Church that can never be relinquished. Catholic apologists refer to the history of heresy by citing 1 John 2:19 and John 15:1-10, and place their hopes on the power of the Holy Spirit to bring about eventual union of all Christian believers as "one flock" under "one shepherd" John 10:16; 16:13; 17:20-26. Later in 867, Basil I the Macedonian (r. 867886) usurped the throne from Emperor Michael III, who was assassinated. (XXX.) See, St. Sergius I, born in Antioch, he was elected on the 15th of December 687 and died the 8th of September 701. In the Western Church only fifty of these canons circulated, translated into Latin by Dionysius Exiguus. (XXXVI.) If a bishop, presbyter, or deacon, shall serve in the army, and wish to retain both the Roman magistracy and the priestly office, let him be deposed; for the things of Csar belong to Csar, and those of God to God. On His Birthday, Iii: Delivered On The Anniversary Of His Elevation To The Pontificate. This can be seen as a fulfillment of the prophesy of the stone (rock) formed without hands which became a great mountain which filled the whole earth in Daniel 2:34-35, 44-45, and in Isaiah 2:1-5.. Protestant exegetes understand the stone in Daniel 2 as Christ himself.
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