By some reckonings, Virginia was considered to have been a border state although it did eventually secede from the Union to become part of the Confederacy. Maryland was a slave state and never officially seceded like many of its Southern sisters. [13], On April 19, 1861, Union troops moving through Baltimore were attacked by angry mobs of Southern sympathizers. Maryland was a slave state, but it never seceded from the Union. The issue of slavery was finally confronted by the constitution which the state adopted in 1864. The Border States of the Civil War - ThoughtCo ", Schearer, Michael. Baltimore. Most of the men enlisted into regiments from Virginia or the Carolinas, but six companies of Marylanders formed at Harpers Ferry into the Maryland Battalion. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Arrests of Confederate sympathizers and those critical of Lincoln and the war soon followed, and Steuart's brother, the militia general George H. Steuart, fled to Charlottesville, Virginia, after which much of his family's property was confiscated by the Federal Government. Brian Witte/AP In 1685 the crown ordered that territory to be divided equally, the western half going to Baltimore. Armed mobs rampage through villages and push remote Indian region to Lincoln had wished to issue his proclamation earlier, but needed a military victory in order for his proclamation not to become self-defeating. Lyon next moved to Springfield, Missouri where the army camped. The Battle of Monocacy was fought on July 9, just outside Frederick, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. [12] Chaos ensued as a giant brawl began between fleeing soldiers, the violent mob, and the Baltimore police who tried to suppress the violence. Despite the state's official neutrality, many Marylanders fought on both sides during the Civil War. The federal troops executing Judge Carmichael's arrest beat him unconscious in his courthouse while his court was in session, before dragging him out, initiating a public controversy. Maryland businessmen feared the likely loss of trade that would be caused by war and the strong possibility of a blockade of Baltimore's port by the Union Navy. All but Delaware also share borders with states that joined the Confederate States of America (CSA). [37] The court objected that this disruption of its process was unconstitutional, but noted that it was powerless to enforce its prerogatives. [13] Throughout the winter and spring of 1861, Maryland decided against neutrality and against joining the Confederacy. Larry Hogan this week approved its repeal a move that some Republicans say is another example of "cancel culture.". Updates? See discussion and tabulation on pp. [citation needed]. He has been concealed for more than six months. The new constitution came into effect on November 1, 1864, making Maryland the first Union slave state to abolish slavery since the beginning of the war. Each envelope/jacket contains information and cross references to original records relating to the soldier. Whether Maryland would have seceded may never well be . [24] The governor of Missouri, Claiborne Jackson refused to send volunteers from the state to fight for Abraham Lincoln when he called for troops. [26] Lyon installed a pro-Union government after Jackson and most of his militia retreated to the southwest corner of Missouri. As Abraham Lincoln took over the White House in early 1861, eleven were states were seceding from the Union. 23 how many states remained in the Union 11 how many states joined the confederate states of america Washington DC capital of the union Richmond capital of the confederates Nevada and West Virginia 2 states that joined the union during the Civil War Atlanta to Savannah Sherman's march to sea destroyed a section of land between what 2 cities Also known as: Zarvona's Independent Zouave Company, 47th VA Inf., Co. H, Maryland Zouaves, Zarvona's Zouaves Maryland Guard, Co. B, 21st Virginia Infantry Maryland Guerilla Zouaves, 2nd Co. C, Nelligan's Louisiana Infantry The Lanier Guard, Company G, 13th Virginia Infantry Company D, 54th Virginia Infantry Citations help you keep track of places you have searched and sources you have found. Maryland, Civil War Service Records of Union Soldiers - FamilySearch Battle of Antietam, also called Battle of Sharpsburg, (September 17, 1862), in the American Civil War (1861-65), a decisive engagement that halted the Confederate invasion of Maryland, an advance that was regarded as one of the greatest Confederate threats to Washington, D.C. The broad surface of the Potomac was blue with floating bodies of our foe. Last year, Maryland House Speaker Adrienne A. Jones, a Baltimore Democrat, said she wanted to get rid of the song. [5], In the Border States the war caused divided loyalties. Service records were kept for each soldier. [3][32] One of those arrested was militia captain John Merryman, who was held without trial in defiance of a writ of habeas corpus on May 25, sparking the case of Ex parte Merryman, heard just 2 days later on May 27 and 28. This page was last edited on 12 April 2023, at 20:16. Maryland in the American Civil War | Britannica The lyrics to Maryland, My Maryland were written by Baltimore native James Ryder Randall, a journalist and poet who lived in the South, "as a plea for his native state to take what he saw as its rightful place among the states who left the Union to form the Confederacy," according to a Maryland State Archives study of the song commissioned by the legislature in 2015, amid one of the numerous efforts to repeal it. In the presidential election of 1860 Lincoln won just 2,294 votes out of a total of 92,421, only 2.5% of the votes cast, coming in at a distant fourth place with Southern Democrat (and later Confederate general) John C. Breckinridge winning the state. The riot saw Southern sympathizers attack the 6th Massachusetts Infantry as they marched through Baltimore on their way to Washington, D.C., days after the South Carolina militia fired the opening shots of the Civil War upon Fort Sumter. [57] When the prisoners were taken, many men recognized former friends and family. Jackson, who was pro-Confederate, was disappointed with the outcome. In the pre-Civil War period it was regarded, together with the Ohio River, as the dividing line between slave states south of it and free-soil states north of it. Slave wealth and entrepreneurship in Civil War Maryland. Whether this was due to local sympathy with the Union cause or the generally ragged state of the Confederate army, many of whom had no shoes, is not clear. Gonzlez, Felipe, Guillermo Marshall, and Suresh Naidu. [15] One of the men involved in this destruction would be arrested for it in May without recourse to habeas corpus, leading to the ex parte Merryman ruling. [34] Indeed, when Lincoln's dismissal of Chief Justice Taney's ruling was criticized in a September 1861 editorial by Baltimore newspaper editor Frank Key Howard (Francis Scott Key's grandson), Howard was himself arrested by order of Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward and held without trial. Chapter 16 American History. Click the card to flip . Randall would later go on to serve in the Confederate navy before returning to journalism after the war. I turned and saw Dr. R. S. Steuart. The internet ban has severed communications in Manipur, locked out reporters and left the state's 3.7 million people scrambling for a sliver of information. Until recently, there was a long-standing tradition of it being performed at least in abbreviated form at Baltimore's Pimlico Race Course for the annual Preakness Stakes. By the 1960s, there were rumblings about replacing it. From "Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served in Organizations from the State of Maryland." Database. The dispute arose over conflicting claims to the territory from the Delaware River westward. Most border states had strong ties to the South culturally, but they had economic ties to the North. If they should attempt it, the responsibility for the bloodshed will not rest upon me. [15] By 1860, 49.1% of Maryland's black population was free. See Introduction, p. xxxiv. [25] Instead, the governor had the state militia muster outside the city to begin training in preparation to join the Confederate forces. - In response to Frederick County Sheriff Charles Jenkins' federal indictment on criminal charges, misuse of office, and poor civil rights record, the American Civil Liberties Union and the ACLU of Maryland filed an administrative complaint today to request an investigation by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties . [12] Although Brown was quickly captured and executed, the incident had a profound effect on the 1860 presidential election. Even in Kentucky and Maryland, the border states with the largest slave populations, the majority of white citizens did not . The Battle of Antietam, also called the Battle of Sharpsburg, occurred on September 17, 1862, at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland. After a few fruitless hours, Lyon declared, "this means war!" Processing Information. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Monocacy was a tactical victory for the Confederate States Army but a strategic defeat, as the one-day delay inflicted on the attacking Confederates cost rebel General Jubal Early his chance to capture the Union capital of Washington, D.C. Across the state, some 50,000 citizens signed up for the military, with most joining the United States Army. [51], A similar situation existed in relation to Marylanders serving in the United States Colored Troops. [10] Soldiers from Pennsylvania and Massachusetts were transported by rail to Baltimore, where they had to disembark, march through the city, and board another train to continue their journey south to Washington.[11]. Lyon quickly moved his army to attack the pro-confederate forces at Jefferson City, Missouri, the state capital. Harris (2011) pp. The border states were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri. Border states (American Civil War) - Wikipedia While his troops were marching the prisoners to the arsenal, a deadly riot erupted (the Camp Jackson Affair). [6] The bitter feelings in the Border States lasted long after the Civil war. Because our textbooks and monuments are wrong. Its northern border with Pennsylvania is the famous Mason and Dixon Line, drawn in the 1760s to settle . The United States (U.S.) Civil War was an important part of American history that took place from 1861 to 1865 between the Union States and the Confederate States.Throughout the war, new states were formed and some states switched sides, which is why a list of Union states can help you better understand the Union side. hide caption. It did not affect Maryland. This Missouri Constitutional Convention voted to remain within the Union. Maryland in the Civil War FamilySearch History and Roster of Maryland Volunteers The already pro-Southern legislature passed the governor's military bill creating the Missouri State Guard. Of the Trimble count, McKim states The estimate above alluded to, of 20,000 Marylanders in the Confederate service, rests apparently upon no better basis than an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, in which he said he believed that the muster rolls would show that about 20,000 men in the Confederate army had given the State of Maryland as the place of their nativity. [20] On April 29, the Legislature voted decisively 5313 against secession,[21][22] though they also voted not to reopen rail links with the North, and they requested that Lincoln remove Union troops from Maryland. (2021), Schoeberlein, Robert W. "'A Record of Heroism': Baltimores Unionist Women in the Civil War", This page was last edited on 4 July 2023, at 19:15. The northern states made up the Union and the southern states made up the Confederacy. Governor Thomas H. Hicks, despite his early sympathies for the South, helped prevent the state from seceding. Mason-Dixon Line, also called Mason and Dixon Line, originally the boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania in the United States. Civil War carvings: Historians say boulder at Dix Park could have is no longer Maryland's official anthem after Gov. "We have a lot of cancel culture going on, and we're canceling everything," Szeliga said, according to Maryland Matters, an independent news site. [57] After hours of desperate fighting the Southerners emerged victorious, despite an inferiority both of numbers and equipment. ", Cannon, Jessica Ann. After the April 19 rioting, skirmishes continued in Baltimore for the next month. In 1864, elements of the warring armies again met in Maryland, although this time the scope and size of the battle was much smaller. Price and Jackson rapidly departed for the capital. Some subscription websites are available for free at your local FamilySearch Center or Affiliate Library. President Lincoln had ordered Federal troops to move to Washington, D.C. to defend the capital. A border state are slave states that border with the free states during the United States Civil War; these were slave-holding states who did not support President Abraham Lincoln.. "[36] Although previous secession votes, in spring 1861, had failed by large margins,[22] there were legitimate concerns that the war-averse Assembly would further impede the federal government's use of Maryland infrastructure to wage war on the South. Merrick's fellow judges took up the case and ordered General Porter to appear before them, but Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward prevented the federal marshal from delivering the court order. Maryland has decided to drop a state song that originated during the Civil War and alludes to Abraham Lincoln as a tyrant and a despot. The largest prison camp run by the Union during the Civil War, Point Lookout served not only as a prisoner of war camp, but also as a hospital for both Union and Confederate soldiers between 1862 and 1865. . [25] Missouri abolished slavery during the war in January 1865. slave state that had not declared a secession from the Union during the American Civil War. http://www.fold3.com : 2010. [45], The 1st Maryland Infantry Regiment was officially formed on June 16, 1861, and, on June 25, two additional companies joined the regiment in Winchester. The Collection covers the years 1861 to 1865. Throughout the course of the war, some 80,000 Marylanders served in Union armies, about 10% of those in the USCT. [14], Maryland found itself trapped by the war. The border states are generally considered to have been Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri. The Maryland state flag adorns a plaque in Annapolis commemorating residents who fought in the Civil War. [1] The border states were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri. On August 10, Lyon's Army of the West was defeated by a combined force of the Missouri Militia and Confederate troops under the command of Benjamin McCulloch near Springfield, Missouri. 3. For additional information about image restrictions see Restrictions for Viewing Images in FamilySearch Historical Record Collections. [20] They would not provide troops to either the Union or the Confederacy. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. He goes about from place to place, sometimes staying in one county, sometimes in another and then passing a few days in the city. It also freed all remaining slaves in the state. The Union in the Civil War | States & History See, e.g., C. R. Gibbs' Black, Copper, and Bright, Silver Spring, Maryland, 2002. [69] Such celebrations would prove short lived, as Steuart's brigade was soon to be severely damaged at the Battle of Gettysburg (July 13, 1863), a turning point in the war and a reverse from which the Confederate army would never recover. The 1860 Census reported the chief destinations of internal immigrants from Maryland as Ohio and Pennsylvania, followed by Virginia and the District of Columbia. Those who voted for Maryland to remain in the Union did not explicitly seek for the emancipation of Maryland's many enslaved people, or indeed those of the Confederacy. In other words, the Assembly members could only agree to state that the war was being fought over the issue of secession. Many Marylanders were simply pragmatic, recognizing that the state's long border with the Union state of Pennsylvania would be almost impossible to defend in the event of war. [25] Butler then sent a letter to the commander of Fort McHenry: I have taken possession of Baltimore. [1] In the leadup to the American Civil War, it became clear that the state was bitterly divided in its sympathies. New book challenges old 'myths' about Maryland's role in the Civil War [46], Maryland Exiles, including Arnold Elzey and brigadier general George H. Steuart, would organize a "Maryland Line" in the Army of Northern Virginia which eventually consisted of one infantry regiment, one infantry battalion, two cavalry battalions and four battalions of artillery. Mason-Dixon Line, also called Mason and Dixon Line, originally the boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania in the United States. The American Civil War was a major conflict that occurred in the United States between 1861 and 1865. It's believed that Lord Baltimore, who received a charter for the land in 1632, named the state after Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of King Charles I. Maryland - HISTORY Civil War Map Questions Flashcards [21] This caused Kentucky to call for Northern aid to repel the Confederate invaders. Today the Mason-Dixon Line still serves figuratively as the political and social dividing line between the North and the South, although it does not extend west of the Ohio River. [75] The Marylanders serving in the Union Army were overwhelmingly in favor of the new Constitution, supporting ratification by a margin of 2,633 to 263.[75]. [25] After the occupation of the city, Union troops were garrisoned throughout the state. [14] In a letter to President Lincoln, Mayor Brown wrote: It is my solemn duty to inform you that it is not possible for more soldiers to pass through Baltimore unless they fight their way at every step. [10] Cotton also required large numbers of slaves. More Americans died in battle on September 17, 1862, than on any other day in the nation's military history. Baltimore's Confederate sympathizers attacked Massachusetts soldiers en route along the Pratt Street waterfront. This collection is a part of RG 94, Records of the Adjutant General's Office, 1780s - 1917, and is National Archive Microfilm Publication M384. Aware of these developments, Union Captain Nathaniel Lyon struck first, encircling the camp, and forcing the state militia to surrender. In July 1864 the Battle of Monocacy was fought near Frederick, Maryland as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. Congressman Henry May (D-Maryland) was imprisoned without charge and without recourse to habeas corpus in Fort Lafayette. One month later in October 1861 one John Murphy asked the United States Circuit Court for the District of Columbia to issue a writ of habeas corpus for his son, then in the United States Army, on the grounds that he was underage. [9], In the South, slavery had become less and less useful to farmers as tobacco prices began to fall after the American Revolutionary War. Battle of Antietam There was much less appetite for secession than elsewhere in the Southern States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee) or in the border states (Kentucky and Missouri),[2] but Maryland was equally unsympathetic towards the potentially abolitionist position of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln. [53] [23] At this time the legislature seems to have wanted to avoid involvement in a war against its southern neighbors.[24]. Price, and Union district commander Harney, came to an agreement known as the PriceHarney Truce, which calmed tensions in the state for several weeks. The song "Maryland, My Maryland" was written to attack Lincoln's action in blocking pro-Confederate elements. Thomas Livermore, Numbers and Losses in the Civil War, Boston, 1900. At the outbreak of the Civil War, the 40 western counties of Virginia were strongly against secession and they seceded from Virginia. [43] The provisions of May's bill were included in the March 1863 Habeas Corpus Act, in which Congress finally authorized Lincoln to suspend habeas corpus, but required actual indictments for suspected traitors. His song includes typically unsung lyrics that allude to "The despot's heel" of President Lincoln. Not all those who sympathised with the rebels would abandon their homes and join the Confederacy. The very nomination of Abraham Lincoln, four years ago, spoke plainly war upon Southern rights and institutions And looking upon African Slavery from the same stand-point held by the noble framers of our constitution, I for one, have ever considered it one of the greatest blessings (both for themselves and us,) that God has ever bestowed upon a favored nation I have also studied hard to discover upon what grounds the right of a State to secede has been denied, when our very name, United States, and the Declaration of Independence, both provide for secession.[80]. Why were border states so important during the Civil War? [7] By the start of the Civil War, slave ownership in the south had become concentrated into fewer and fewer hands. A brochure published by the home in the 1890s described it as: a haven of rest to which they may retire and find refuge, and, at the same time, lose none of their self-respect, nor suffer in the estimation of those whose experience in life is more fortunate.[83].