(October 2021) See also List of maritime disasters List of maritime disasters in the 18th century Country: United States: Language: English: Genre: Non-fiction: Publisher: Little, Brown and Company: Published: 1947-1962: Media type: Print: The History of United States Naval Operations in World War II is a 15-volume account of the United States Navy in World War II, written by Samuel Eliot Morison and published by Little, Brown and Company . [17] The authors of the Oxford Companion to World War II maintain that "casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable". Repurposed as a cargo barge and redesignated as IX-173 on 12 August 1944. Torpedoed by Japanese aircraft and later accidentally sunk by US. American military dead#^BF1, The reasons for the high human toll in Yugoslavia were as follows Sunk by aerial torpedo and Kamikaze aircraft. [197][198], The following figures are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, the authors maintain that "statistics on Gypsy losses are especially unreliable and controversial. In January 1943 the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, and Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Navy agreed that the formation of a joint committee to assess enemy Naval and merchant shipping losses during World War II would be desirable. For most other nations, only estimates of varying reliability exist. List of United States Navy losses in World War II - Military Wiki [1] Deaths directly caused by the war (including military and civilian fatalities) are estimated at 5056million, with an additional estimated 1928million deaths from war-related disease and famine. Military dead were estimated with Soviet forces at 10,000 and 15,000 with German. Damaged on beach in Normandy and abandoned. Sunk by accident following circular run of her own torpedo. Under Japanese internment, 992 died and another 544 were listed as "unknown"; under German internment, 168 died and a further 715 were listed as "unknown". Destroyed by gunfire from Japanese destroyers. Some auxiliary and civilian organizations are also accorded war grave status if death occurred under certain specified conditions. Germany 25,430 (24,020 post armistice); Greece, Albania, and Yugoslavia 49,459 (10,090 post armistice); They listed 210,000 direct war casualties in the Netherlands, not including the. This figure is cited in reference works dealing with World War II. Scuttled at sea after being heavily damaged by, Beached and abandoned on 2 May 1945 after collision with. Andreev EM; Darsky LE; Kharkova TL, Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes. Wars and Population. Some parishes continued burying in the Second World War military cemeteries up to the 1980s. 105657, Table 607. Demographic Research, Vol. "United States Strategic Bombing Survey Summary Report United States Government Printing Office Washington: 1946 p. 20", United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Medical Division, "United States Strategic Bombing Survey The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki United States Government Printing Office Washington: 1946, p. 15", "R.J. Rummel "Statistics of democide: Genocide and Mass Murder since 1900" Transaction 1998; ISBN 3-8258-4010-7 (Chapter 3)", "Allied Merchant Navy Memorial in Newfoundland", "Gordon, Maj. Richard M., (U.S. Army, retired) (28 October 2002). 10 Countries With The Highest World War II Fatalities Soviet Union - 24,000,000 China - 19,500,000 Germany - 7,700,000 Poland - 5,600,000 Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) - 3,500,000 Japan - 2,850,000 India - 2,087,000 French Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam) - 1,250,000 Yugoslavia - 1,000,000 Romania - 833,000 1. Armed forces mobilized and casualties in World War I* *As reported by the U.S. War Department in February 1924. which are attributed to an increase in natural deaths from 1940 to 1945 and 1,650 foreign nationals killed while serving in the Heavily damaged by Japanese torpedoes and friendly fire from. WWII Army and Army Air Force Casualties Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 19311945, Transaction 2007; Japan Statistical Year-Book, 1949 [etc.]. > War deaths: Approx. (this paper was a presentation at an academic conference in Warsaw Poland in 1994), Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik XXI-1994, Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Die Toten des Zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland. According to the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare Japanese war dead (193745) totaled 3.1million persons including 2.3million soldiers and Army/Navy civilian employees, 500,000 civilians in Japan and 300,000 civilians living outside of Japan. With an introduction by Konrad Adenauer. The Auckland War Museum puts the number of World War II dead at 11,671. Polska 19391945. Wrecked by Typhoon Louise. Sunk after running aground in heavy weather. Universe, Inc. (July 13, 2005). Civilians 7,500 (3,600 Merchant seaman, 1,500 resistance fighters, 1,800 civilians killed and 600 Jews killed)[97] Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. Holocaust Encyclopedia "Nazi Persecution of Soviet Prisoners of War", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "The German Army and the Racial Nature of the War Against the Soviet Union", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "Persecution of Homosexuals in the Third Reich", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Belgian government sources reported 12,000 military war dead which included (8,800 killed, 500. Former battleship converted to a gunnery training and target ship. Naval history of World War II - Wikipedia Some 40,000 Roma were murdered. U.S. Dept. Egyptian military casualties were 1,125 killed and 1,308 wounded. Disintegrated by internal explosion of undetermined cause. Ursprnge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts "Bevlkerung" vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" Zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevlkerungswissensch: Rdiger Overmans. However, at least one historian has compared the 1943 famine there to the, The war dead of 11,907 listed here are those reported by the, The preliminary 1945 data for South African losses was killed 6,840, missing 1,841 wounded 14,363 and, This territory includes areas now known as the. An additional 700,000 were taken prisoner by the Soviets were 50,000 died in forced labor in the USSR and Outer Mongolia. Mentally and Physically Handicapped: Victims of the Nazi Era", Bundesarchiv: Euthanasie-Verbrechen 19391945, "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Scuttled after damaged by near-miss of Japanese bombs. people on Earth in 1940. [249] The Russian scholar Viktor Zemskov puts the death toll from 1941 to 1945 at about 1million based on data from the Soviet archives. Accidental explosion. Regarding overall losses, they concluded that "It was further estimated that an additional number, approximately 25% of known deaths in 194445, were still unrecovered and unrecorded. Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. New Guinea: 112,400, 15,200, (127,600) 204,000 (12.4% of pop.) Civilian losses due to attacks on merchant shipping were 470 merchant mariners and 502 passengers. The breakout by service is as follows: Army 318,274 (234,874 battle, 83,400 nonbattle). Sunk by Japanese aircraft; last US submarine loss of the war. Included in the figures of total war dead for each nation are victims of the Holocaust. Severely damaged by a mine. Military deaths included: 108 dead in the. pp. Military Losses by theatre of war: Italy 74,725 (37,573 post armistice); France 2,060 (1,039 post armistice); Burma (inc. India): 163,000, 1,500, (164,500) Presse- und Informationsamt. Merchant Navy (530); British Home Guard (0) and Civilians (0). Sunk after being torpedoed by Japanese aircraft. Stricken on 21 June 1945. 1- The summary report of September 30, 1945 put total casualties for the entire period of the war at 305,000 killed and 780,000 wounded. The official casualty statistics published by the governments of the United States, France, and the UK do not give the details of the national origin, race and religion of the losses. Stricken on 25 February 1946 and destroyed in August 1946. Analysen, Grundzge, Forschungsbilanz, Michalka, Wolfgang (Hrsg. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Military deaths from all causes totaled 2125million, including deaths in captivity of about 5million prisoners of war. See also List of ships of the United States Navy. These figures vary because of the shift of borders between 1937 and 1940. Battle casualties of World War II - Wikipedia [604] The Australian government does not regard. Sunk by accidental explosion. Capsized by carrier-based aircraft torpedoes and raised in 1943 but not repaired. The surrender of Japan to Allied forces on the USS Missouri on September 2, 1945. [395][396][397][398][399][400][401][402][403][404], German government figures of 2.0 to 2.5million civilian deaths due to expulsions have been disputed by scholars since the publication of the results of the German church search service survey and the report by the German Federal Archive. Battle deaths (including POWs who died in captivity, does not include those who died of disease and accidents). Foreword. Severely damaged by Kamikaze. Only for the United States and the British Commonwealth can official figures showing killed, wounded, prisoners or missing for the armed forces be cited with any degree of assurance. Sank at her mooring due to flooding and was refloated but not repaired. In addition, 247,000 Austrians lost their lives serving in the army of the Third Reich or were reported missing, and 24,000 civilians were killed during bombing" raids. For the purposes of CWGC the dates of inclusion for Commonwealth War Dead are 3 September 1939 to 31 December 1947. Ostarbeiters and POW in Third Reich and Their Repatriation) (Russian). [149] According to Yad Vashem, "During their four years in power, the Ustasa carried out a Serb genocide, exterminating over 500,000, expelling 250,000 and forcing another 200,000 to convert to Catholicism. [417][418][419][420][421][422][423][424], Military war dead Bonn 1989, pp. A discussion of the famine in Java during 194445, leads Pierre van der Eng to conclude that 2.4million Indonesians perished. Central Pacific: 95,800, 151,400, (247,200) The Japanese interned 105,530 Dutch civilians in the East Indies, of whom 13,567 died. Pacific War | Summary, Battles, Maps, & Casualties | Britannica Sankt-Peterburg 1995, Edwin Bacon, Glasnost and the Gulag: New information on Soviet forced labour around World WarII. 20,400 killed by acts of war, 104,000 Jewish Holocaust dead, 18,000 political prisoners in Germany, 27,000 workers in Germany, 1823, Mikhalev, S. N (2000). 2: 1978 (3,000,000), Encyclopdia Britannica 1992 (2,384,000), The Expulsion of "German" Communities from Eastern Europe at the end of the Second World War, Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees, European University Institute, Florence. Countries That Mobilized the Most Troops During WWII There were an additional 31,271 military deaths due to "natural causes" which are not included in these figures. Civilians in Navy service 114,493 killed and 1,880 wounded and missing. A total of 2,230,500[265] persons were living in the settlements in October 1945 and 309,100 deaths were reported in special settlements for the years 19411948. Foundered en route to Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands area. Presumed sunk by naval mine off northeastern. The German army (or Heer) was the most complicit as a result of being on the ground in Germany's eastern campaigns, but all branches participated. An academic study of the Chinese population concluded that "a conservative estimate would put total human casualties directly caused by the war of 19371945 at between 15,000,000 and 20,000,000". These figures are for Germany in 1937 borders. Data from the Netherlands Institute of War Documentation puts the number of Dutch POW captured by the Japanese at 37,000 of whom 8,500 died. Damaged by mine and stricken on 16 September 1944. According to the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare 65,000 soldiers and civilians were killed in the 1945 military campaign against the Soviet Union. The military's complicity extended not only to the generals and upper leadership but also to the rank and file. Battle of Midway | Date, Significance, Map, Casualties, & Outcome Okinawa: 67,900, 21,500, (89,400) pedagog. The number of partisans escalated during the final insurrection of April 1945. 33 Swedish sailors were killed when submarine HMS Ulven was sunk by a German mine on April 16, 1943. Naval Air Station Hutchinson, Kansas. Naval Air Station Daytona Beach, Florida. Torpedoed by a German E-boat during Exercise Tiger. (1998) A German demographic study estimated 5,500,000 to 6,900,000 war dead. Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961, pp. A large number of partisans and members of the RSI forces were former members of the armed forces of the Kingdom of Italy, to which is referred the 3,430,000 figure. Gruhl estimates POW deaths in Japanese captivity at 331,584. World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history. "Of course those countries that border the Russian federation in the east, Poland and the Baltics in particular are very eager to see Ukraine come in and NATO do more against Russia. (This paper was a presentation at an academic conference in Warsaw Poland in 1994), Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik XXI-1994, Pistohlkors, Gert. The additions were the annexation of the, Estimates in the west for the population transfers differ. Sakhalin, the Aleutian, and Kuril Islands: 8,200, 3,200, (11,400) Over 16.5 million men and women served in the armed forces during World War II, of whom 291,557 died in battle, 113,842 died from other causes, and 670,846 were wounded. Mark Axworthy. World War II | Facts, Summary, History, Dates, Combatants, & Causes Demographer Boris Urlanis estimated Romanian war dead at 300,000 military and 200,000 civilians. The West German government did not list euthanasia victims along with the war dead. According to Sergei Maksudov, a Russian demographer living in the west, the population of the territories annexed by the USSR was 23million less the net population transfers out of 3million persons who emigrated from the USSR including 2,136,000 Poles who left the USSR; 115,000 Polish soldiers of the, Polish sources put the number of refugees from the. Bureau odszkodowan wojennych, Statement on war losses and damages of Poland in 19391945. Philippines military losses were 57,000 including 7,000 KIA in 194142 campaign, 8,000 guerrillas KIA 194245 and 42,000 POWs(out of 98,000). September 1, 1939 - Germany invades Poland. by Konrad Adenauer. [478], 5-Strategic Bombing Survey The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki The most striking result of the atomic bombs was the great number of casualties. Warsaw 1966, Ruas, scar Vasconcelos, "Relatrio 194647", AHU, Urlanis, Boris (1971). Grounded by Typhoon Louise and destroyed on 18 December 1945. Military figures include battle deaths (KIA) and personnel missing in action (MIA), as well as fatalities due to accidents, disease and deaths of prisoners of war in captivity. They estimated German casualties up until April 30, 1945, at 2,230,324 dead, 2,870,404 missing and POW held by Allies. Included with total war dead are victims of Japanese war crimes. [386] Where Deceased Mariners Made their Homes during WWII Analysis of State or Country of next of kin of mariners. Three miles northeast of Monterey, California. Not repaired, hulk destroyed on 29 December 1945. Bevlkerungsbilanzen fr die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50.Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt Wiesbaden Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958. The official figures for military war dead and missing in 194145 are 8,668,400 comprising 6,329,600 combat related deaths, 555,500 non-combat deaths. Fate unknown. Tokyo, July 1948. p.20, Japan Statistical Year-Book, 1949 [etc.]. Severely damaged by Kamikaze and not repaired. Vietnam War U.S. Military Fatal Casualty Statistics Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. There were 1,536 deaths among the 13,996 interned civilians in 194245. Scuttled after being damaged by Japanese destroyer, Cause unknown; possibly sunk by minelayer. Saint-Petersburg, 1995. Moscow Page 294. Liudskie poteri SSSR v period vtoroi mirovoi voiny: sbornik statei. by Konrad Adenauer. [263] Most were neutral at the beginning, but only a relatively few nations remained neutral to the end. 2004/1, p. 4 (2,000,000), Gesamterhebung zur Klrung des Schicksals der deutschen Bevlkerung in den Vertreibungsgebieten, Mnchen: Zentralstelle des Kirchl. Sunk by Japanese shore defense batteries. 7879, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. The Finnish National Archives website's database lists the names of the 94,676 Finnish war dead between 1939 and 1945. Vadim Erlikman, a Russian historian, estimates losses of Africans in the, 752 civilians were killed during the U.S. air attacks on. Borneo: 11,300, 6,700, (18,000) The breakout by service is as follows: Army 234,874. Hit by Kamikaze. Bonin Islands: 2,700, 12,500, (15,200) The footnotes give a detailed breakdown of the casualties and their sources, including data on the number of wounded where reliable sources are available. Presse- und Informationsamt. 19401991 Tallinn 2005. Nearly 70,000 British civilians. World War II Casualties by Country - World Population Review Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961, p. 32, Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p. 78, available online at. Studies on the Population of China, 13681953. Destroyed by fire in port fire while fueling. Casualties in 193940 include the following dead and missing: The number of wounded includes 2,576,000 permanently disabled. Celebes: 1,500, 4,000, (5,500) According to the Czechoslovak State Statistical Office the population at 1/1/1939 (within post war 19451992 borders) was 14,612,000. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. The West German government in made a rough estimate in 1956 of 20,000 civilians killed during the 1945 military campaign in current post war German borders, not including the former German territories in Poland. These figures are for Germany in 1937 borders, (1956) The West German Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office)estimated total war dead of 5,650,000 = (3,760,000) military; (430,000) civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign; (1,260,000) deaths to expulsion from Poland and (200,000) victims of Nazi racial, religious or political persecution. Because of the decline in activity in the two port cities, the constant threat of incendiary raids, and the formal evacuation programs of the Government, an unknown number of the inhabitants had either drifter away from the cities or been removed according to plan. 15", "Figures were compiled by the Relief Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 1964", American Historical Association: Lessons from Iwo Jima footnote 1, "Reports of General MacArthur. Confirmed losses of civilian sailors due to German attacks and mines. In 1948 the Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) issued a report of war losses. No sure count of even the prepaid populations existed. [182] The low, high and average percentage figures for deaths of the pre-war population have been added. J. Arch Getty and Stephen G. Wheatcroft maintain that Soviet-era figures more accurately detail the victims of the Gulag labor camp system in the Stalin era. 3133 (they give figure of 300,000 German deaths due to racial, religious and political persecution including 170,000 Jews. Studies in Global Social History, 2010), p. 227. ), Mnchen: Piper 1989, S. 858873, Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito. The following notes summarize German expulsion casualties, the details are presented in the flight and expulsion of Germans (19441950), the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union' and the Demographic estimates of the flight and expulsion of Germans. Lesser Sundas: 51,800, 1,200, (53,000) RE: Seeking Records of US Army Remount Service Panama Canal Dept WWII RE: Why so many female aviation cadets in WWII Army Enlistment Records? The names of individual U.S. military personnel killed in World War II can be found at the U.S. National Archives. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. (1993). Navy Michael Haynes, Counting Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: a Note Europe Asia Studies Vol. [386] The West German government put the number of Germans killed by the Nazi political, racial and religious persecution at 300,000 (including 170,000 German Jews). 3,700 Dutch nationals in the German armed forces and 7,500 missing and presumed dead in Germany and 16,000 deaths United States World War II Casualty Records Micronesian war related civilian deaths were caused by American bombing and shellfire; and malnutrition caused by the U.S. blockade of the islands. South Africa. Decommissioned on 24 March 1945 after only 40 days in commission. The distinction between military and civilian casualties caused directly by warfare and collateral damage is not always clear-cut. Military History Research Office (Germany), World War II casualties of the Soviet Union, the deportation of Ukrainians from Poland to the USSR in 194447, the flight and expulsion of Poles from the USSR 194447, territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union, PolishSoviet border agreement of August 1945, other victims persecuted and killed by the Nazis, German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war, western civilians interned by the Japanese, Czechoslovak military units on Eastern front, Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Soviet bombing raids against Estonian cities, Finnish Volunteer Battalion of the Waffen-SS, File:Rzeczpospolita 1923.png - Wikimedia Commons, German Armed Forces Military History Research Office, flight and expulsion of Germans (194450), flight and expulsion of Germans (19441950), forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, Demographic estimates of the flight and expulsion of Germans, Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, Axis occupation of Greece during World War II, a list that lists the names of some 35,000 RSI military personnel killed in action or executed, The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, deaths during the Soviet occupation in 194041, Yugoslav death march of Nazi collaborators, "International Programs Historical Estimates of World Population U.S. Census Bureau", Rulers and victims: the Russians in the Soviet Union, "The Great Vietnamese Famine of 1944-45 Revisited194445", "Food Supply in Java during War and Decolonisation, 19401950", "Source List and Detailed Death Tolls for the Twentieth Century Hemoclysm", "Deaths as a result of service with Australian units (AWM) web page", "Australian Military Statistics World War II A Global Perspective", http://www.japanfocus.org/-Geoffrey-Gunn/3483, "ASSESSING THE GUAM WAR CLAIMS PROCESS, COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Dec. 12, 2009", "Hve margir slendingar du seinni heimsstyrjldinni? World War I - Casualties, Armistice, Legacy Ministero della Difesa Edizioni 1986 (in Italian). Since the collapse of the USSR, Polish scholars have been able to do research in the Soviet archives on Polish losses during the Soviet occupation. [6] Historian Rdiger Overmans of the Military History Research Office (Germany) published a study in 2000 that estimated the German military dead and missing at 5.3 million, including 900,000 men conscripted from outside of Germany's 1937 borders, in Austria, and in east-central Europe. Timeline. Deemed unsalvageable. Rossiia i SSSR v voinakh XX veka: Poteri vooruzhennykh sil; statisticheskoe issledovanie OLMA-Press, 2001; ISBN 5-224-01515-4 Table 176", "Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2021-2022 p.36", "The "Debt of Honour Register" from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission", "Service Files of the Second World War War Dead, 19391947", "Seconde Guerre mondiale: tombs sous les bombes "amies", Bundesarchiv Euthanasie im Nationalsozialismus, "Bundeszentrale fr politische Bildung, Die Vertreibung der Deutschen aus den Gebieten jenseits von Oder und Neie", "Bundesamt fr Bevlkerungsschutz und Katastrophenhilfe Hampe: Der zivile Luftschutz im Zweiten Weltkrieg", Zahl der Vertreibungsopfer ist neu zu erforschen Rdiger Overmans Deutschlandfunk. Germany reports. Korean War | Combatants, Summary, Years, Map, Casualties, & Facts History of United States Naval Operations in World War II Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Manchuria & USSR 7,483 killed and 4,641 wounded. The sources for the casualties of the individual nations do not use the same methods, and civilian deaths due to starvation and disease make up a large proportion of the civilian deaths in China and the Soviet Union.